Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology: Key Concepts
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1. What is the primary function of To process food, extract nutrients, and eliminate residue.
the digestive system?
2. What are the five stages of di- Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Compaction, Defecation.
gestion?
3. What is mechanical digestion? The physical breakdown of food into smaller particles.
4. What is chemical digestion? A series of hydrolysis reactions that breaks dietary macro-
molecules into their monomers.
5. What are the major substrates Polysaccharides into monosaccharides, proteins into amino
and products of chemical diges- acids, fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids, nucleic acids
tion? into nucleotides.
6. What is the digestive tract also The alimentary canal.
known as?
7. What are the accessory organs Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pan-
of the digestive system? creas.
8. What is the length of the diges- Approximately 30 feet long.
tive tract?
9. What is the mucosa? The inner lining of the digestive tract that consists of epithe-
lium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
10. To propel food and residue through the digestive tract.
, Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology: Key Concepts
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpovgy
What is the function of the mus-
cularis externa?
11. What is the role of the enteric To regulate digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood
nervous system? flow.
12. What are mesenteries? Connective tissue sheets that suspend the stomach and
intestines from the abdominal wall.
13. What is the difference between Intraperitoneal organs are enclosed by mesentery on both
intraperitoneal and retroperi- sides, while retroperitoneal organs lie against the posterior
toneal organs? body wall and are covered by peritoneum on only one side.
14. What are the two networks of Submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus.
neurons in the enteric nervous
system?
15. What is the function of the sub- To control glandular secretions of the mucosa and move-
mucosal plexus? ments of muscularis mucosae.
16. What is the role of hormones in They act as chemical messengers that stimulate distant
the digestive system? parts of the digestive tract.
17. What is the primary function of To aid in the digestion of food and facilitate swallowing.
saliva?
18.
, Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology: Key Concepts
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpovgy
What is the process of absorp- The uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of
tion in digestion? the digestive tract and then into the blood and lymph.
19. What is compaction in the di- The absorption of water and consolidation of indigestible
gestive process? residue into feces.
20. What is defecation? The elimination of feces from the body.
21. What are the layers of the diges- Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
tive tract wall?
22. What is the role of the serosa? To provide a protective outer layer for the digestive tract.
23. What type of epithelium is Simple columnar epithelium.
found in the mucosa of most of
the digestive tract?
24. What is the function of the mus- To tense the mucosa, creating grooves and ridges that en-
cularis mucosa? hance surface area and contact with food.
25. What is the significance of mu- It plays a role in immune response within the digestive tract.
cosa-associated lymphatic tis-
sue (MALT)?
26. What is the function of the gall- To store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.
bladder?
27. What is the role of the pancreas To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to aid in
in digestion? digestion.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpovgy
1. What is the primary function of To process food, extract nutrients, and eliminate residue.
the digestive system?
2. What are the five stages of di- Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Compaction, Defecation.
gestion?
3. What is mechanical digestion? The physical breakdown of food into smaller particles.
4. What is chemical digestion? A series of hydrolysis reactions that breaks dietary macro-
molecules into their monomers.
5. What are the major substrates Polysaccharides into monosaccharides, proteins into amino
and products of chemical diges- acids, fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids, nucleic acids
tion? into nucleotides.
6. What is the digestive tract also The alimentary canal.
known as?
7. What are the accessory organs Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pan-
of the digestive system? creas.
8. What is the length of the diges- Approximately 30 feet long.
tive tract?
9. What is the mucosa? The inner lining of the digestive tract that consists of epithe-
lium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
10. To propel food and residue through the digestive tract.
, Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology: Key Concepts
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpovgy
What is the function of the mus-
cularis externa?
11. What is the role of the enteric To regulate digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood
nervous system? flow.
12. What are mesenteries? Connective tissue sheets that suspend the stomach and
intestines from the abdominal wall.
13. What is the difference between Intraperitoneal organs are enclosed by mesentery on both
intraperitoneal and retroperi- sides, while retroperitoneal organs lie against the posterior
toneal organs? body wall and are covered by peritoneum on only one side.
14. What are the two networks of Submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus.
neurons in the enteric nervous
system?
15. What is the function of the sub- To control glandular secretions of the mucosa and move-
mucosal plexus? ments of muscularis mucosae.
16. What is the role of hormones in They act as chemical messengers that stimulate distant
the digestive system? parts of the digestive tract.
17. What is the primary function of To aid in the digestion of food and facilitate swallowing.
saliva?
18.
, Digestive System Anatomy and Physiology: Key Concepts
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jpovgy
What is the process of absorp- The uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of
tion in digestion? the digestive tract and then into the blood and lymph.
19. What is compaction in the di- The absorption of water and consolidation of indigestible
gestive process? residue into feces.
20. What is defecation? The elimination of feces from the body.
21. What are the layers of the diges- Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
tive tract wall?
22. What is the role of the serosa? To provide a protective outer layer for the digestive tract.
23. What type of epithelium is Simple columnar epithelium.
found in the mucosa of most of
the digestive tract?
24. What is the function of the mus- To tense the mucosa, creating grooves and ridges that en-
cularis mucosa? hance surface area and contact with food.
25. What is the significance of mu- It plays a role in immune response within the digestive tract.
cosa-associated lymphatic tis-
sue (MALT)?
26. What is the function of the gall- To store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.
bladder?
27. What is the role of the pancreas To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to aid in
in digestion? digestion.
