BIO 151 TEST BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+
●● Virus
Answer: Non-cellular infectious agent; protein coat + nucleic acid (DNA
or RNA); NOT considered alive because they lack cellular structure and
cannot reproduce without a host cell
●● Science vs. religion vs. philosophy
Answer: Science = causative approach, objective/measurable/testable;
Religion = teleological (seeks purpose), based on faith, not testable;
Philosophy = seeks meaning through reasoning
●● Scientific method steps
Answer: 1) Observation/define problem 2) Hypothesis (educated guess)
3) Test hypothesis (controlled experiment) 4) Collect data 5) Draw
conclusion 6) Communicate results
●● Hypothesis
Answer: Tentative, testable explanation to a research question; an
educated guess
●● Inductive reasoning
,Answer: Combining specific observations to form a general idea (used
to form hypotheses)
●● Deductive reasoning
Answer: Applying a general idea to a specific example; making 'if-then'
predictions
●● Controlled experiment
Answer: Has control group (not manipulated) and experimental group
(one condition changed); compare measurements
●● Independent variable
Answer: The condition being altered/manipulated
●● Dependent variable
Answer: What is measured (depends on the independent variable)
●● Scientific theory
Answer: A well-supported, broad explanation tested by many
experiments over time; NOT a guess (e.g., theory of evolution, cell
theory)
●● Metric unit for length
,Answer: meter (m)
●● Metric unit for mass
Answer: gram (g)
●● Metric unit for volume
Answer: liter (L)
●● Metric unit for temperature
Answer: degrees Celsius (°C)
●● Common metric prefixes
Answer: kilo- (1000), centi- (1/100), milli- (1/1000), micro-
(1/1,000,000), nano- (1/1,000,000,000)
●● Bar graph use
Answer: Shows overall result (categorical comparison)
●● Line graph use
Answer: Shows overall result AND rate of change over time
●● Pie graph use
, Answer: Shows proportions of a whole
●● Atom components
Answer: Proton (+, nucleus), Neutron (neutral, nucleus), Electron (-,
energy levels around nucleus)
●● Atomic number
Answer: Number of protons in the nucleus (defines the element)
●● Atomic mass number
Answer: Number of protons + number of neutrons
●● Neutral atom
Answer: Number of protons = number of electrons
●● Isotopes
Answer: Same element, same protons, DIFFERENT number of
neutrons; same chemical properties, different mass numbers
●● Radioisotopes
Answer: Unstable isotopes that emit radiation; used as tracers in
biology/medicine, dating fossils, cancer treatment
AND SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+
●● Virus
Answer: Non-cellular infectious agent; protein coat + nucleic acid (DNA
or RNA); NOT considered alive because they lack cellular structure and
cannot reproduce without a host cell
●● Science vs. religion vs. philosophy
Answer: Science = causative approach, objective/measurable/testable;
Religion = teleological (seeks purpose), based on faith, not testable;
Philosophy = seeks meaning through reasoning
●● Scientific method steps
Answer: 1) Observation/define problem 2) Hypothesis (educated guess)
3) Test hypothesis (controlled experiment) 4) Collect data 5) Draw
conclusion 6) Communicate results
●● Hypothesis
Answer: Tentative, testable explanation to a research question; an
educated guess
●● Inductive reasoning
,Answer: Combining specific observations to form a general idea (used
to form hypotheses)
●● Deductive reasoning
Answer: Applying a general idea to a specific example; making 'if-then'
predictions
●● Controlled experiment
Answer: Has control group (not manipulated) and experimental group
(one condition changed); compare measurements
●● Independent variable
Answer: The condition being altered/manipulated
●● Dependent variable
Answer: What is measured (depends on the independent variable)
●● Scientific theory
Answer: A well-supported, broad explanation tested by many
experiments over time; NOT a guess (e.g., theory of evolution, cell
theory)
●● Metric unit for length
,Answer: meter (m)
●● Metric unit for mass
Answer: gram (g)
●● Metric unit for volume
Answer: liter (L)
●● Metric unit for temperature
Answer: degrees Celsius (°C)
●● Common metric prefixes
Answer: kilo- (1000), centi- (1/100), milli- (1/1000), micro-
(1/1,000,000), nano- (1/1,000,000,000)
●● Bar graph use
Answer: Shows overall result (categorical comparison)
●● Line graph use
Answer: Shows overall result AND rate of change over time
●● Pie graph use
, Answer: Shows proportions of a whole
●● Atom components
Answer: Proton (+, nucleus), Neutron (neutral, nucleus), Electron (-,
energy levels around nucleus)
●● Atomic number
Answer: Number of protons in the nucleus (defines the element)
●● Atomic mass number
Answer: Number of protons + number of neutrons
●● Neutral atom
Answer: Number of protons = number of electrons
●● Isotopes
Answer: Same element, same protons, DIFFERENT number of
neutrons; same chemical properties, different mass numbers
●● Radioisotopes
Answer: Unstable isotopes that emit radiation; used as tracers in
biology/medicine, dating fossils, cancer treatment
