EDF 6223 Exam 2 Complete Exam Study
Questions with Expert Graded A+ Answers
| Brand New Edition
1. formal similarity - ANSWER occurs when the model's and the imitator's
behavior physically resemble each other and are in the same mode
2. model - ANSWER an antecedent stimulus with topographical similarity to
the behavior the analyst wants to be imitated
3. planned models - ANSWER prearranged demonstrations of behavior that
show the learner exactly what to do, be it acquiring new skills or refining the
topography of certain elements of existing skills-can be live or filmed
4. behavior chain with a limited hold - ANSWER a chain that must be
completed within a specified time to produce reinforcement. characterized
by performance that is accurate and proficient (e.g., an assembly task on a
production line). person must not only have the prerequisite behaviors in
his/her repertoire, but also must emit those behaviors in close temporal
succession to obtain reinforcement
5. chaining - ANSWER refers to various methods for linking specific
sequences of stimuli and responses to form new performances. taught to
increase independent living skills, develop complex behaviors, and add
behaviors to an existing behavior repertoire
6. task analysis - ANSWER breaking a complex task into smaller, teachable
units, the product of which is a series of sequentially ordered steps or tasks
,7. how to construct and validate task analyses? - ANSWER 1. observe a
competent performer
2. execute the task yourself
3. get expert input
4. trial and error
8. single-opportunity method - ANSWER designed to assess a learner's ability
to perform each behavior in the task analysis in correct sequence. if a step is
performed incorrectly or out of sequence, the probe is terminated and
unfinished responses are scored as incorrect. provides less info to the teacher
once instruction is initiated
9. multiple opportunity method - ANSWER evaluates the learner's mastery
across all the behaviors in the task analysis. if a step is performed incorrectly
or out of sequence, or if the time limit for completing the step is exceeded,
the behavior analyst completes that step for the learner and then positions
her for the next step. each response performed correctly is scored as a
correct response, even if the learner erred on the previous steps. teacher can
learn which steps in the task analysis the learner has already mastered, thus
eliminating the need to instruct steps already in the learner's repertoire
10.forward chaining - ANSWER the behaviors identified in the task analysis
are taught in their naturally occurring order. reinforcement is delivered when
the predetermined criterion for the performance of the first behavior in the
sequence is achieved. each succeeding step requires the cumulative
performance of all previous steps in the correct order
11.total-task chaining - ANSWER a variation of forward chaining in which the
learner receives training on each step in the task analysis during every
session. the trainer provides assistance for any steps the learner is unable to
perform independently, and the chain is trained until the learner is able to
perform all the behaviors in the sequence to the predetermined criterion
,12.backward chaining - ANSWER all behaviors identified in the task analysis
are initially completed by the trainer, except for the final behavior in the
chain. when the learner performs the final behavior in the sequence at the
predetermine criterion level, reinforcement is delivered. the first behavior
the learner performs independently produces the terminal reinforcement. the
next-to-last response produces the onset of a stimulus condition that
reinforces that step and serves as an Sd for the last behavior, which is now
being established in the learner's repertoire
13.unplanned models - ANSWER occasion imitation in everyday social
environments
14.what is the most important property defining imitation? - ANSWER the
controlling relation between a model's demonstration and a learner's
performance of topographically similar behavior
15.T/F: an imitative behavior is a new behavior that follows a novel antecedent
eventT/F: an imitative behavior is a new behavior that follows a novel
antecedent event - ANSWER true
16.modeling - ANSWER a behavior change strategy in which learners acquire
new skills by imitating demonstrations of the skills by live or symbolic
models. the model shows, demonstrates, or conveys exactly the behavior the
learner is expected to convey. can be live, symbolic, or recorded
17.shaping - ANSWER the differential reinforcement of successive
approximations toward a terminal behavior. the antecedent stimulus for the
terminal behavior stays the same, while the response progressively becomes
more differentiated
, 18.differential reinforcement - ANSWER presenting an unconditioned or
conditioned reinforcer only to those emitted members of a response class
that share a specified dimension or quality, while placing all other emitted
response class members on extinction
19.performance dimensions that can be shaped - ANSWER 1. topography:
refining motor movements
2. rate: increasing number of correct responses
3. latency: decreasing compliance time between a directive
4. duration: increasing time spent on task
5. IRT: reducing rapid eating
6. magnitude: increasing projected voice volume
20.shaping guidelines - ANSWER 1. select the terminal behavior and define it
precisely
2. determine the criterion for success
3. assess the response repertoire
4. identify behaviors to reinforce
5. eliminate interfering or extraneous stimuli
6. proceed gradually
7. limit the number of approximation at each level
8. continue to reinforce when terminal behavior is achieved
21.behavior chain - ANSWER a linked sequence of responses leading to a
terminal outcome. each response produces a stimulus change that functions
as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative
stimulus for the next response in the chain. reinforcement for the last
response in a chain maintains the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus
changes produced by all previous responses in the chain
Questions with Expert Graded A+ Answers
| Brand New Edition
1. formal similarity - ANSWER occurs when the model's and the imitator's
behavior physically resemble each other and are in the same mode
2. model - ANSWER an antecedent stimulus with topographical similarity to
the behavior the analyst wants to be imitated
3. planned models - ANSWER prearranged demonstrations of behavior that
show the learner exactly what to do, be it acquiring new skills or refining the
topography of certain elements of existing skills-can be live or filmed
4. behavior chain with a limited hold - ANSWER a chain that must be
completed within a specified time to produce reinforcement. characterized
by performance that is accurate and proficient (e.g., an assembly task on a
production line). person must not only have the prerequisite behaviors in
his/her repertoire, but also must emit those behaviors in close temporal
succession to obtain reinforcement
5. chaining - ANSWER refers to various methods for linking specific
sequences of stimuli and responses to form new performances. taught to
increase independent living skills, develop complex behaviors, and add
behaviors to an existing behavior repertoire
6. task analysis - ANSWER breaking a complex task into smaller, teachable
units, the product of which is a series of sequentially ordered steps or tasks
,7. how to construct and validate task analyses? - ANSWER 1. observe a
competent performer
2. execute the task yourself
3. get expert input
4. trial and error
8. single-opportunity method - ANSWER designed to assess a learner's ability
to perform each behavior in the task analysis in correct sequence. if a step is
performed incorrectly or out of sequence, the probe is terminated and
unfinished responses are scored as incorrect. provides less info to the teacher
once instruction is initiated
9. multiple opportunity method - ANSWER evaluates the learner's mastery
across all the behaviors in the task analysis. if a step is performed incorrectly
or out of sequence, or if the time limit for completing the step is exceeded,
the behavior analyst completes that step for the learner and then positions
her for the next step. each response performed correctly is scored as a
correct response, even if the learner erred on the previous steps. teacher can
learn which steps in the task analysis the learner has already mastered, thus
eliminating the need to instruct steps already in the learner's repertoire
10.forward chaining - ANSWER the behaviors identified in the task analysis
are taught in their naturally occurring order. reinforcement is delivered when
the predetermined criterion for the performance of the first behavior in the
sequence is achieved. each succeeding step requires the cumulative
performance of all previous steps in the correct order
11.total-task chaining - ANSWER a variation of forward chaining in which the
learner receives training on each step in the task analysis during every
session. the trainer provides assistance for any steps the learner is unable to
perform independently, and the chain is trained until the learner is able to
perform all the behaviors in the sequence to the predetermined criterion
,12.backward chaining - ANSWER all behaviors identified in the task analysis
are initially completed by the trainer, except for the final behavior in the
chain. when the learner performs the final behavior in the sequence at the
predetermine criterion level, reinforcement is delivered. the first behavior
the learner performs independently produces the terminal reinforcement. the
next-to-last response produces the onset of a stimulus condition that
reinforces that step and serves as an Sd for the last behavior, which is now
being established in the learner's repertoire
13.unplanned models - ANSWER occasion imitation in everyday social
environments
14.what is the most important property defining imitation? - ANSWER the
controlling relation between a model's demonstration and a learner's
performance of topographically similar behavior
15.T/F: an imitative behavior is a new behavior that follows a novel antecedent
eventT/F: an imitative behavior is a new behavior that follows a novel
antecedent event - ANSWER true
16.modeling - ANSWER a behavior change strategy in which learners acquire
new skills by imitating demonstrations of the skills by live or symbolic
models. the model shows, demonstrates, or conveys exactly the behavior the
learner is expected to convey. can be live, symbolic, or recorded
17.shaping - ANSWER the differential reinforcement of successive
approximations toward a terminal behavior. the antecedent stimulus for the
terminal behavior stays the same, while the response progressively becomes
more differentiated
, 18.differential reinforcement - ANSWER presenting an unconditioned or
conditioned reinforcer only to those emitted members of a response class
that share a specified dimension or quality, while placing all other emitted
response class members on extinction
19.performance dimensions that can be shaped - ANSWER 1. topography:
refining motor movements
2. rate: increasing number of correct responses
3. latency: decreasing compliance time between a directive
4. duration: increasing time spent on task
5. IRT: reducing rapid eating
6. magnitude: increasing projected voice volume
20.shaping guidelines - ANSWER 1. select the terminal behavior and define it
precisely
2. determine the criterion for success
3. assess the response repertoire
4. identify behaviors to reinforce
5. eliminate interfering or extraneous stimuli
6. proceed gradually
7. limit the number of approximation at each level
8. continue to reinforce when terminal behavior is achieved
21.behavior chain - ANSWER a linked sequence of responses leading to a
terminal outcome. each response produces a stimulus change that functions
as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative
stimulus for the next response in the chain. reinforcement for the last
response in a chain maintains the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus
changes produced by all previous responses in the chain
