APEA 3P Exam
1. Most common type of skin cancer in USA: Skin cancer
2. Most common type of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma
3. basal cell carcinoma symptoms: Appearance varies; smooth, shiny bump, pink to pearly white
4. Basal cell carcinoma common locations: cheeks, nose, face, neck, arms, back
5. basal cell carcinoma diagnosis gold standard: biopsy. if not an option, refer to derm
6. Actinic keratosis: Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
numerous dry, round and pink to red lesions w/ rough and scaly texture
--> does not heal, slow growing in sun exposed areas
7. Actinic keratosis diagnosis gold standard: Biopsy. if not an
option, refer to derm
8. Actinic keratosis treatment gold standard: small- cryotherapy
large- number 5-FU (5-flouracil aka efudex). 5-FU medication Causes skin to ooze, crust, scab
and be red
**5-flouracil/ efudex-wear sunscreen!!**
9. squamous cell cancer: chronic red scaly rough textured lesion w/ irregular borders
crusting or bleeding may be present
10. Squamous cell carcinoma common locations: rims of ears, lips, nose, face and top of hands
11. precursor lesion to squamous cell cancer: actinic keratosis
12. squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis by?: biopsy gold standard. if biopsy is not an option,
,APEA 3P Exam
refer to dermatology .
13. Risk factors for skin cancer(melanoma and both non-melanoma): Blistering sunburn as a child,
history of sunburns, light skin, chronic exposure to UV light (sunlight/tanning beds), moles,
family hx for skin cancer
14. Melanoma symptoms (ABCDE): asymmetry (shape/uneven texture) border
(irregular/notched/blurred)
color (variegated colors from black, blue, dark to light brown)
diameter (size >6mm size of pencil eraser or larger) evolving
(changes in color/size/shape)
may be itchy
15. Acral lengtiginous melanoma: Most common type of melanoma in dark skinned
individuals (blacks & asians)
--> look for longitudinal brown to black bands under the nailbed. a changing spot or mole in the
palms, or the soles of the feet
,APEA 3P Exam
16. seborrheic keratosis: soft, round, wart-like growth that is light tan to black and looks pasted
on
asymptomatic &benign
17. Bacterial Meningitis Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae- most common strain
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
*others
18. Bacterial meningitis symptoms (Classic Triad): High fever Nuchal rigidity
rapid change in mental status w/ headache Triad=neck up
erythematous spot-like rash (petechiae) ecchymosis to purple-colored lesions (pur- pura) which
are non-blanchable
19. Is bacterial meningitis a reportable disease: yes!
20. Treatment for Bacterial meningitis-patient: IV Abx ASAP, resp/droplet iso for first 24-48 hrs,
hydrate (low maintenance after initial fluid correction), Maintain
ventilation and reduce increased intra cranial pressure if present (dexamethosone(to reduce
inflammation, mannitol to diurese the brain), low stim environment, tx com- plications that may
arrive and support family
21. Treatment for bacterial meningitis-close encounter: Close contacts should be treated w/
rifampin 600 mg q 12 hours x 2 days
,APEA 3P Exam
**Rifampin changes urine color to reddish orange and can stain contacts
**AVOID RIFAMPIN IN PREGNANCY
22. Brudzinkski sign (meningeal irritation): Tests for meningeal irritation Patient supine,
raise BACK of head and flex chin towards chest
+ result if pt automatically beds both hips
--Brudzinski and back of head start with B as well as bends--
23. Kernig's sign: Tests for meningeal irritation
patient supine. flex patients hips and knees in a right angle, then slowly straight- en/extend the
legs up
+ result if when the patient complains of pain during extension of leg
24. MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine) Age 11-19: Give one dose of menactra or menveo
primary dose given age 12 or younger give a booster at age 16-18
25. MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine) Age 19-21: Give one dose of menactra or menveo if never
had either
1. Most common type of skin cancer in USA: Skin cancer
2. Most common type of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma
3. basal cell carcinoma symptoms: Appearance varies; smooth, shiny bump, pink to pearly white
4. Basal cell carcinoma common locations: cheeks, nose, face, neck, arms, back
5. basal cell carcinoma diagnosis gold standard: biopsy. if not an option, refer to derm
6. Actinic keratosis: Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
numerous dry, round and pink to red lesions w/ rough and scaly texture
--> does not heal, slow growing in sun exposed areas
7. Actinic keratosis diagnosis gold standard: Biopsy. if not an
option, refer to derm
8. Actinic keratosis treatment gold standard: small- cryotherapy
large- number 5-FU (5-flouracil aka efudex). 5-FU medication Causes skin to ooze, crust, scab
and be red
**5-flouracil/ efudex-wear sunscreen!!**
9. squamous cell cancer: chronic red scaly rough textured lesion w/ irregular borders
crusting or bleeding may be present
10. Squamous cell carcinoma common locations: rims of ears, lips, nose, face and top of hands
11. precursor lesion to squamous cell cancer: actinic keratosis
12. squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis by?: biopsy gold standard. if biopsy is not an option,
,APEA 3P Exam
refer to dermatology .
13. Risk factors for skin cancer(melanoma and both non-melanoma): Blistering sunburn as a child,
history of sunburns, light skin, chronic exposure to UV light (sunlight/tanning beds), moles,
family hx for skin cancer
14. Melanoma symptoms (ABCDE): asymmetry (shape/uneven texture) border
(irregular/notched/blurred)
color (variegated colors from black, blue, dark to light brown)
diameter (size >6mm size of pencil eraser or larger) evolving
(changes in color/size/shape)
may be itchy
15. Acral lengtiginous melanoma: Most common type of melanoma in dark skinned
individuals (blacks & asians)
--> look for longitudinal brown to black bands under the nailbed. a changing spot or mole in the
palms, or the soles of the feet
,APEA 3P Exam
16. seborrheic keratosis: soft, round, wart-like growth that is light tan to black and looks pasted
on
asymptomatic &benign
17. Bacterial Meningitis Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae- most common strain
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
*others
18. Bacterial meningitis symptoms (Classic Triad): High fever Nuchal rigidity
rapid change in mental status w/ headache Triad=neck up
erythematous spot-like rash (petechiae) ecchymosis to purple-colored lesions (pur- pura) which
are non-blanchable
19. Is bacterial meningitis a reportable disease: yes!
20. Treatment for Bacterial meningitis-patient: IV Abx ASAP, resp/droplet iso for first 24-48 hrs,
hydrate (low maintenance after initial fluid correction), Maintain
ventilation and reduce increased intra cranial pressure if present (dexamethosone(to reduce
inflammation, mannitol to diurese the brain), low stim environment, tx com- plications that may
arrive and support family
21. Treatment for bacterial meningitis-close encounter: Close contacts should be treated w/
rifampin 600 mg q 12 hours x 2 days
,APEA 3P Exam
**Rifampin changes urine color to reddish orange and can stain contacts
**AVOID RIFAMPIN IN PREGNANCY
22. Brudzinkski sign (meningeal irritation): Tests for meningeal irritation Patient supine,
raise BACK of head and flex chin towards chest
+ result if pt automatically beds both hips
--Brudzinski and back of head start with B as well as bends--
23. Kernig's sign: Tests for meningeal irritation
patient supine. flex patients hips and knees in a right angle, then slowly straight- en/extend the
legs up
+ result if when the patient complains of pain during extension of leg
24. MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine) Age 11-19: Give one dose of menactra or menveo
primary dose given age 12 or younger give a booster at age 16-18
25. MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine) Age 19-21: Give one dose of menactra or menveo if never
had either
