Portage Learning Anatomy & Physiology II Module 7
Exam | High-Yield Questions, Kidney Anatomy,
Nephron Function, Urine Formation & Comprehensive
Study Guide| Graded A+ , Newest Updated and Verified
| Latest Exam and Brand New Version!!!
True or False: The bladder drains into the ureters.
CORRECT ANSWER:
false
A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level, with no spinal
cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why not?
CORRECT ANSWER:
No, the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3
Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal fascia.
CORRECT ANSWER:
The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney
in place inside the abdominal cavity.
Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the region highlighted in
green, below.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Located within the cortex are the glomerular capsule and the distal and proximal
convoluted tubule sections of the nephrons.
These arteries flow in between the renal pyramids.
,A. Afferent
B. Lobar
C. Interlobular
D.Arcuate
E. Correct Answer Interlobar
F. Renal
After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels.
A. Correct! Efferent arteriole
B. Lobar veins
C. Interlobular veins
D. Arcuate artery
E. Interlobar vein
F. Vasa recta
Name the region in the diagram below, indicated by the red arrow.
CORRECT ANSWER:
DCT (Distal convoluted tubule)
Which of the following is false about the location of the bladder?
A. In males, the bladder is anterior to the rectum.
B. In females, the bladder is posterior to the uterus.
C. In females, the bladder is in between the rectum and the uterus.
D. In males, the bladder is above the prostate gland.
Correct! E. B&C are false
F. A&D are false
Describe the purposes of the urethral sphincters.
CORRECT ANSWER:
● The involuntary-controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the
bladder and keeps the urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the bladder.
,● The voluntary-controlled external urethral sphincter, composed of skeletal
muscle, surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor.
A patient was just placed under general anesthesia. He is now awake and telling
you he is having a hard time excreting urine. What is most likely causing the
difficulty?
A. Incontinence due to stroke
B. Incontinence due to dementia
C. Urinary retention due to spinal cord injury
D. Bladder outlet obstruction
E. Correct! Urinary retention due to slowed detrusor muscle
This region of the male urethra exits the body.
A. Correct! Spongy
B. Prostatic
C. Membranous
D. Ejaculatory duct
E. Ureters
What causes the extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries?
CORRECT ANSWER:
The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much larger in
diameter than the efferent arteriole. The difference in diameter causes an
extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
Micturition can be controlled consciously because of:
A. Voluntary control over the internal sphincter
B. Involuntary control over the internal sphincter
C. Correct! Voluntary control over the external sphincter
D. Involuntary control over the external sphincter
E. Voluntary control over the visceral reflex arc
F. None of the above: micturition cannot be voluntarily controlled
, This is the pressure that depends upon a person's blood pressure from the heart
and vessels:
A. Colloid osmotic pressure
B. Capsular pressure
C. Net filtration pressure
D. Glomerular filtration rate
E. Correct! Hydrostatic pressure
Calculate the net filtration pressure for your patient given the following
values. Show your work. (Not all values listed may be used).
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Colloid osmotic pressure = 25
- Capsular pressure= 15
- Hydrostatic pressure = 50
- GFR= 120
(Outgoing forces – incoming forces)
HP- (COP + Capsular pressure)
50mmHg - (25mmHg +15mmHg))
= 10mmHg (net outward pressure)
Describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rate of
blood to the kidney.
CORRECT ANSWER:
During these times the renal autoregulatory system is superseded by higher
level nervous system controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation,
the afferent arterioles diameter is narrowed by sympathetic nerve fibers. The
release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal medulla causes a decrease
in renal blood flow and decreases the GFR. Constriction of the renal arteries is
only to be used for a short time.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the RAA system?
A. Aldosterone causes the retention of sodium ions.
Exam | High-Yield Questions, Kidney Anatomy,
Nephron Function, Urine Formation & Comprehensive
Study Guide| Graded A+ , Newest Updated and Verified
| Latest Exam and Brand New Version!!!
True or False: The bladder drains into the ureters.
CORRECT ANSWER:
false
A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level, with no spinal
cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why not?
CORRECT ANSWER:
No, the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3
Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal fascia.
CORRECT ANSWER:
The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney
in place inside the abdominal cavity.
Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the region highlighted in
green, below.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Located within the cortex are the glomerular capsule and the distal and proximal
convoluted tubule sections of the nephrons.
These arteries flow in between the renal pyramids.
,A. Afferent
B. Lobar
C. Interlobular
D.Arcuate
E. Correct Answer Interlobar
F. Renal
After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels.
A. Correct! Efferent arteriole
B. Lobar veins
C. Interlobular veins
D. Arcuate artery
E. Interlobar vein
F. Vasa recta
Name the region in the diagram below, indicated by the red arrow.
CORRECT ANSWER:
DCT (Distal convoluted tubule)
Which of the following is false about the location of the bladder?
A. In males, the bladder is anterior to the rectum.
B. In females, the bladder is posterior to the uterus.
C. In females, the bladder is in between the rectum and the uterus.
D. In males, the bladder is above the prostate gland.
Correct! E. B&C are false
F. A&D are false
Describe the purposes of the urethral sphincters.
CORRECT ANSWER:
● The involuntary-controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the
bladder and keeps the urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the bladder.
,● The voluntary-controlled external urethral sphincter, composed of skeletal
muscle, surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor.
A patient was just placed under general anesthesia. He is now awake and telling
you he is having a hard time excreting urine. What is most likely causing the
difficulty?
A. Incontinence due to stroke
B. Incontinence due to dementia
C. Urinary retention due to spinal cord injury
D. Bladder outlet obstruction
E. Correct! Urinary retention due to slowed detrusor muscle
This region of the male urethra exits the body.
A. Correct! Spongy
B. Prostatic
C. Membranous
D. Ejaculatory duct
E. Ureters
What causes the extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries?
CORRECT ANSWER:
The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much larger in
diameter than the efferent arteriole. The difference in diameter causes an
extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
Micturition can be controlled consciously because of:
A. Voluntary control over the internal sphincter
B. Involuntary control over the internal sphincter
C. Correct! Voluntary control over the external sphincter
D. Involuntary control over the external sphincter
E. Voluntary control over the visceral reflex arc
F. None of the above: micturition cannot be voluntarily controlled
, This is the pressure that depends upon a person's blood pressure from the heart
and vessels:
A. Colloid osmotic pressure
B. Capsular pressure
C. Net filtration pressure
D. Glomerular filtration rate
E. Correct! Hydrostatic pressure
Calculate the net filtration pressure for your patient given the following
values. Show your work. (Not all values listed may be used).
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Colloid osmotic pressure = 25
- Capsular pressure= 15
- Hydrostatic pressure = 50
- GFR= 120
(Outgoing forces – incoming forces)
HP- (COP + Capsular pressure)
50mmHg - (25mmHg +15mmHg))
= 10mmHg (net outward pressure)
Describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rate of
blood to the kidney.
CORRECT ANSWER:
During these times the renal autoregulatory system is superseded by higher
level nervous system controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation,
the afferent arterioles diameter is narrowed by sympathetic nerve fibers. The
release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal medulla causes a decrease
in renal blood flow and decreases the GFR. Constriction of the renal arteries is
only to be used for a short time.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the RAA system?
A. Aldosterone causes the retention of sodium ions.
