If the eye is depressed, it is: - ANSWER Turning down.
Adduction means the eye turns: - ANSWER Inward
Which muscles only have a primary action? - ANSWER The medial rectus and lateral rec-
tus
Which muscles are elevators? - ANSWER The inferior oblique (adduction) and the supe-
rior rectus (abduction)
As a tertiary action, both oblique muscles: - ANSWER Abduct
Which muscles are primarily torsional muscles? - ANSWER The superior obliques (intort)
and inferior obliques (extort).
Which muscles act to depress the eye? - ANSWER The inferior rectus and superior
obliques.
Which muscles adduct the eye as a tertiary action? - ANSWER Superior rectus and infe-
rior rectus.
Which is an example of a yoked muscle?
a.) RLR and LMR
b.) RLR and RMR
1
,c.) RLR and LLR
d.) RIR and LIR - ANSWER a.) RLR and LMR
Yoked muscles are muscles in each eye that accomplish the same vertical movement. RLR
and LMR both accomplush right gaze.
Which muscles are synergistic for horizontal movement with the medial rectus? - AN-
SWER Superior rectus and inferior rectus. A synergist is a muscle that assists another
muscle in accomplishing a particular direction.
Which muscles are antagonists for depression with the IR? - ANSWER The superior rectus
and inferior obliques. An antagonist is the muscle that works against a particular motion.
The SR and IO work against the depression caused by the IR.
If one eye has an obvious deviation when you perform a simple external evaluation of the
patient, this deviation is a(n): - ANSWER Tropia.
A phoria is exhibited when: - ANSWER Fusion is disrupted.
The difference between a phoria and an intermittent tropia is: - ANSWER Phorias are usu-
ally controlled unless fusion is disrupted and intermittent tropics are sometimes controlled
(sometimes with fusion, sometimes not.)
An adult patient with a tropia has either: - ANSWER Diplopia or suppression
Insert illustration 3-1 - ANSWER a.) Orthophoria
b.) Esotropia
c.) Hypertropia
d.) Exotropia
e.) Hypotropia
2
, An intermittent horizontal tropia might be aggravated by all the following except:
a.) Inattention
b.) Reading
c.) Illness
d.) Fatigue - ANSWER b.) Reading. Reading would encourage fusion, rather than disrupt
it.
Your patient has an exodeviation that diverges more at near than at a distance. This is evi-
dence of: - ANSWER Convergence insufficiency. If the patient cannot pull their eyes in for
near viewing, then the deviation is greater at near than at distance.
Your patient has an esodeviation that is worse at near than it is at distance. This is classified
as: - ANSWER Convergence excess.
A and V patterns are types of horizontal deviations that: - ANSWER Vary in up and down
gaze
The most common cause of a V pattern is: - ANSWER An overactive IO.
Which pattern is the most common?
a.) V pattern XT
b.) V pattern ET
c.) A pattern XT
d.) A pattern ET - ANSWER Most common, V pattern ET. Least common, A pattern XT.
Which is not commonly associated with horizontal deviations?
a.) Adult-onset blindness in one eye
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Adduction means the eye turns: - ANSWER Inward
Which muscles only have a primary action? - ANSWER The medial rectus and lateral rec-
tus
Which muscles are elevators? - ANSWER The inferior oblique (adduction) and the supe-
rior rectus (abduction)
As a tertiary action, both oblique muscles: - ANSWER Abduct
Which muscles are primarily torsional muscles? - ANSWER The superior obliques (intort)
and inferior obliques (extort).
Which muscles act to depress the eye? - ANSWER The inferior rectus and superior
obliques.
Which muscles adduct the eye as a tertiary action? - ANSWER Superior rectus and infe-
rior rectus.
Which is an example of a yoked muscle?
a.) RLR and LMR
b.) RLR and RMR
1
,c.) RLR and LLR
d.) RIR and LIR - ANSWER a.) RLR and LMR
Yoked muscles are muscles in each eye that accomplish the same vertical movement. RLR
and LMR both accomplush right gaze.
Which muscles are synergistic for horizontal movement with the medial rectus? - AN-
SWER Superior rectus and inferior rectus. A synergist is a muscle that assists another
muscle in accomplishing a particular direction.
Which muscles are antagonists for depression with the IR? - ANSWER The superior rectus
and inferior obliques. An antagonist is the muscle that works against a particular motion.
The SR and IO work against the depression caused by the IR.
If one eye has an obvious deviation when you perform a simple external evaluation of the
patient, this deviation is a(n): - ANSWER Tropia.
A phoria is exhibited when: - ANSWER Fusion is disrupted.
The difference between a phoria and an intermittent tropia is: - ANSWER Phorias are usu-
ally controlled unless fusion is disrupted and intermittent tropics are sometimes controlled
(sometimes with fusion, sometimes not.)
An adult patient with a tropia has either: - ANSWER Diplopia or suppression
Insert illustration 3-1 - ANSWER a.) Orthophoria
b.) Esotropia
c.) Hypertropia
d.) Exotropia
e.) Hypotropia
2
, An intermittent horizontal tropia might be aggravated by all the following except:
a.) Inattention
b.) Reading
c.) Illness
d.) Fatigue - ANSWER b.) Reading. Reading would encourage fusion, rather than disrupt
it.
Your patient has an exodeviation that diverges more at near than at a distance. This is evi-
dence of: - ANSWER Convergence insufficiency. If the patient cannot pull their eyes in for
near viewing, then the deviation is greater at near than at distance.
Your patient has an esodeviation that is worse at near than it is at distance. This is classified
as: - ANSWER Convergence excess.
A and V patterns are types of horizontal deviations that: - ANSWER Vary in up and down
gaze
The most common cause of a V pattern is: - ANSWER An overactive IO.
Which pattern is the most common?
a.) V pattern XT
b.) V pattern ET
c.) A pattern XT
d.) A pattern ET - ANSWER Most common, V pattern ET. Least common, A pattern XT.
Which is not commonly associated with horizontal deviations?
a.) Adult-onset blindness in one eye
3
