CSET Multiple Subjects Subtest
2 Science; Mathematics
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,Matter - Answer -Anything that has mass and occupies space
-Everything you see and touch is composed of matter
-Three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases
Solids - Answer -Characterized by their ability to retain their shape
-Relatively incompressible
-Melt when heated and vaporize only slightly
-All substances become solid if cooled sufficiently
Examples: rocks, crystals, wood, feather, ice
Liquids - Answer -Take on the shape of their containers, yet cannot be compressed to any
significant extent
-The volume of a liquid is constant unless evaporation is occurring
-Liquids when chilled sufficiently, while heat causes liquids to vaporize
-The liquid state is intermediate between the solid and gaseous states with regard to molecular
motion and attractive forces between molecules
Examples: water, oil, milk, honey
Gases - Answer -Expand to fill any available space
-A gas is a compressible fluid, with its volume determined by the pressure and temperature of
the environment
-A compressed gas pushes out equally in all directions
-Boyle's Law: If the pressure increases, the volume decreases; the reverse is true as well
-Charles's Law: As temperature increases (at a fixed pressure), so does volume
,Examples: air, helium, steam
Sublimination - Answer Makes it possible for some elements and compounds to transition
from a solid to gas phase without becoming a liquid
Example: a block of dry ice (CO2), which will turn into a gas at room temperature
Deposition - Answer Some gases can transition directly to a solid
Example: the formation of frost
Mass - Answer -The amount of matter in a chemical substance
-In everyday usage, mass is commonly confused with weight
Weight - Answer -In physics and engineering, weight means the strength of the gravitational
pull on the object (how heavy it is, measured in newtons)
-In everyday situations, the weight of an object is proportional to its mass, which usually makes
it acceptable to use the same word for both concepts
Density - Answer -For a homogeneous object, density is determined by dividing the mass by
the volume (D = M/V)
-The mass is normally measured with an appropriate scale or balance
-The volume may be measured directly (from the geometry of the object) or by the
displacement of a fluid
Example: If steel and wood have equal dimensions, the steel would have a greater mass as it is
more dense
, Hardness - Answer -Refers to various properties of matter in the solid phase that give it a
high resistance to its shape changing when force is applied
-Hard matter is contrasted with soft matter
-However, the behavior of solid materials under force is complex, resulting in several different
scientific definitions of what might be called hardness in everyday usage
-Three principal operational definitions of hardness: scratch hardness, indentation hardness,
and rebound hardness
Scratch hardness - Answer Resistance to fracture or plastic (permanent) deformation due to
friction from a sharp object
Indentation hardness - Answer Resistance to plastic (permanent) deformation due to a
constant load from a sharp object
Rebound hardness - Answer Height of the bounce of an object dropped o the material,
related to elasticity
Mohs' scale of hardness - Answer -Rates minerals and puts them on a scale from 1 to 10 (1 is
the softest and 10 is the hardest) determined by the ability of a harder mineral to scratch a
softer mineral
-Talc is at 1 and diamond is at 10
Physical properties - Answer -The characteristics that makes up the physical composition of a
substance
-Include color, form, electrical conductivity, and density
Physical changes - Answer -Involve one substance changing states (not one substance
changing into another)
2 Science; Mathematics
Exam|100% Correct | Updated
https://www.stuvia.com/user/thinktrek
+1(305) 565-6365
,Matter - Answer -Anything that has mass and occupies space
-Everything you see and touch is composed of matter
-Three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases
Solids - Answer -Characterized by their ability to retain their shape
-Relatively incompressible
-Melt when heated and vaporize only slightly
-All substances become solid if cooled sufficiently
Examples: rocks, crystals, wood, feather, ice
Liquids - Answer -Take on the shape of their containers, yet cannot be compressed to any
significant extent
-The volume of a liquid is constant unless evaporation is occurring
-Liquids when chilled sufficiently, while heat causes liquids to vaporize
-The liquid state is intermediate between the solid and gaseous states with regard to molecular
motion and attractive forces between molecules
Examples: water, oil, milk, honey
Gases - Answer -Expand to fill any available space
-A gas is a compressible fluid, with its volume determined by the pressure and temperature of
the environment
-A compressed gas pushes out equally in all directions
-Boyle's Law: If the pressure increases, the volume decreases; the reverse is true as well
-Charles's Law: As temperature increases (at a fixed pressure), so does volume
,Examples: air, helium, steam
Sublimination - Answer Makes it possible for some elements and compounds to transition
from a solid to gas phase without becoming a liquid
Example: a block of dry ice (CO2), which will turn into a gas at room temperature
Deposition - Answer Some gases can transition directly to a solid
Example: the formation of frost
Mass - Answer -The amount of matter in a chemical substance
-In everyday usage, mass is commonly confused with weight
Weight - Answer -In physics and engineering, weight means the strength of the gravitational
pull on the object (how heavy it is, measured in newtons)
-In everyday situations, the weight of an object is proportional to its mass, which usually makes
it acceptable to use the same word for both concepts
Density - Answer -For a homogeneous object, density is determined by dividing the mass by
the volume (D = M/V)
-The mass is normally measured with an appropriate scale or balance
-The volume may be measured directly (from the geometry of the object) or by the
displacement of a fluid
Example: If steel and wood have equal dimensions, the steel would have a greater mass as it is
more dense
, Hardness - Answer -Refers to various properties of matter in the solid phase that give it a
high resistance to its shape changing when force is applied
-Hard matter is contrasted with soft matter
-However, the behavior of solid materials under force is complex, resulting in several different
scientific definitions of what might be called hardness in everyday usage
-Three principal operational definitions of hardness: scratch hardness, indentation hardness,
and rebound hardness
Scratch hardness - Answer Resistance to fracture or plastic (permanent) deformation due to
friction from a sharp object
Indentation hardness - Answer Resistance to plastic (permanent) deformation due to a
constant load from a sharp object
Rebound hardness - Answer Height of the bounce of an object dropped o the material,
related to elasticity
Mohs' scale of hardness - Answer -Rates minerals and puts them on a scale from 1 to 10 (1 is
the softest and 10 is the hardest) determined by the ability of a harder mineral to scratch a
softer mineral
-Talc is at 1 and diamond is at 10
Physical properties - Answer -The characteristics that makes up the physical composition of a
substance
-Include color, form, electrical conductivity, and density
Physical changes - Answer -Involve one substance changing states (not one substance
changing into another)
