NURS 676 Advanced Pharmacology – Western Carolina
University (WCU) – 2026 Summer–Fall Term – Midterm
Exam Questions with Answers
Introduction
This document contains a complete set of midterm exam
questions with answers for NURS 676 Advanced Pharmacology,
focusing primarily on gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and
, related pharmacology topics. It includes multiple-choice
questions with detailed answer explanations covering
medications, adverse effects, nursing interventions, patient
education, and pharmacologic mechanisms.
The material is organized as a comprehensive exam
preparation resource and includes rationales for each correct
answer. It is suitable for reviewing key pharmacology
concepts commonly tested in advanced nursing courses.
, Extra Summary Q & As
1: What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers?---
correct precise answer ---
Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone
epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, on beta-adrenergic
receptors, which decreases heart rate and blood pressure.
2: Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the metabolism
of warfarin?--- correct precise answer --- The enzyme
cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is primarily responsible for
the metabolism of warfarin.
3: What is the therapeutic use of ACE inhibitors?--- correct
precise answer ---
ACE inhibitors are primarily used to treat high blood pressure,
heart failure, and to prevent kidney damage in patients with
hypertension or diabetes.
4: What is the main adverse effect associated with
aminoglycoside antibiotics?--- correct precise answer ---
The main adverse effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics are
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
5: Name a common side effect of statins.--- correct precise
answer ---
A common side effect of statins is muscle pain or myopathy.
, 6: How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid
production?--- correct precise answer --- Proton pump
inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid production by
irreversibly inhibiting the hydrogen/potassium ATPase
enzyme system on the gastric parietal cells.
7: What is the primary action of selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs)?--- correct precise answer --- SSRIs
primarily work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin into
neurons, increasing the availability of serotonin in the
synaptic cleft.
8: What is the antidote for opioid overdose?--- correct precise
answer --- The antidote for opioid overdose is naloxone.
9: What class of medication is first-line treatment for Type 2
Diabetes?--- correct precise answer --- Metformin, a
biguanide, is considered the first-line treatment for Type 2
Diabetes.
10: What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?---
correct precise answer ---
Loop diuretics inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride
cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle,
leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water.
University (WCU) – 2026 Summer–Fall Term – Midterm
Exam Questions with Answers
Introduction
This document contains a complete set of midterm exam
questions with answers for NURS 676 Advanced Pharmacology,
focusing primarily on gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and
, related pharmacology topics. It includes multiple-choice
questions with detailed answer explanations covering
medications, adverse effects, nursing interventions, patient
education, and pharmacologic mechanisms.
The material is organized as a comprehensive exam
preparation resource and includes rationales for each correct
answer. It is suitable for reviewing key pharmacology
concepts commonly tested in advanced nursing courses.
, Extra Summary Q & As
1: What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers?---
correct precise answer ---
Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone
epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, on beta-adrenergic
receptors, which decreases heart rate and blood pressure.
2: Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the metabolism
of warfarin?--- correct precise answer --- The enzyme
cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is primarily responsible for
the metabolism of warfarin.
3: What is the therapeutic use of ACE inhibitors?--- correct
precise answer ---
ACE inhibitors are primarily used to treat high blood pressure,
heart failure, and to prevent kidney damage in patients with
hypertension or diabetes.
4: What is the main adverse effect associated with
aminoglycoside antibiotics?--- correct precise answer ---
The main adverse effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics are
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
5: Name a common side effect of statins.--- correct precise
answer ---
A common side effect of statins is muscle pain or myopathy.
, 6: How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid
production?--- correct precise answer --- Proton pump
inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid production by
irreversibly inhibiting the hydrogen/potassium ATPase
enzyme system on the gastric parietal cells.
7: What is the primary action of selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs)?--- correct precise answer --- SSRIs
primarily work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin into
neurons, increasing the availability of serotonin in the
synaptic cleft.
8: What is the antidote for opioid overdose?--- correct precise
answer --- The antidote for opioid overdose is naloxone.
9: What class of medication is first-line treatment for Type 2
Diabetes?--- correct precise answer --- Metformin, a
biguanide, is considered the first-line treatment for Type 2
Diabetes.
10: What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?---
correct precise answer ---
Loop diuretics inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride
cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle,
leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water.
