Botany 18-19 Exam Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What percentage of calories 80%
consumed by humans worldwide
comes from six species?
Name three major crops grown for Potato, Sugar beet, Soybean
human consumption.
What is a domesticated plant? A plant whose reproductive success
depends on
human intervention.
When were the first crops, Approximately 10,500 to 7,500 years ago.
primarily
cereal grains, domesticated?
What types of crops were Root crops and legumes.
domesticated 1,000 to 2,000 years
after cereal grains?
What is selective breeding in The process of modifying traits in plants to
agriculture? enhance yield and adaptability.
What significant agricultural shift is The transition from nomadic
known as the Neolithic hunter-gatherer
Revolution? societies to settled agricultural
communities.
, What is the primary goal of plant Improved yield.
breeding programs?
Who is known as the 'Father of the Norman Borlaug.
Green Revolution'?
What is hybrid vigor (heterosis)? The improved or increased function of any
biological quality in a hybrid offspring.
What causes inbreeding The expression of deleterious recessive
depression alleles due
in plants? to self-pollination.
What is the purpose of gene To store seeds or other propagules for
banks? long-term
preservation of plant genetic diversity.
What is transgenesis in plants? The process of inserting genes from
virtually any
organism into plants.
What are plasmids used for in As cloning vectors to insert genes of
plant interest into
biotechnology? bacteria.
What role does Agrobacterium It is used to insert transfer DNA (T-DNA)
tumefaciens play in plant containing
transformation? the gene of interest into plant
chromosomes.
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What percentage of calories 80%
consumed by humans worldwide
comes from six species?
Name three major crops grown for Potato, Sugar beet, Soybean
human consumption.
What is a domesticated plant? A plant whose reproductive success
depends on
human intervention.
When were the first crops, Approximately 10,500 to 7,500 years ago.
primarily
cereal grains, domesticated?
What types of crops were Root crops and legumes.
domesticated 1,000 to 2,000 years
after cereal grains?
What is selective breeding in The process of modifying traits in plants to
agriculture? enhance yield and adaptability.
What significant agricultural shift is The transition from nomadic
known as the Neolithic hunter-gatherer
Revolution? societies to settled agricultural
communities.
, What is the primary goal of plant Improved yield.
breeding programs?
Who is known as the 'Father of the Norman Borlaug.
Green Revolution'?
What is hybrid vigor (heterosis)? The improved or increased function of any
biological quality in a hybrid offspring.
What causes inbreeding The expression of deleterious recessive
depression alleles due
in plants? to self-pollination.
What is the purpose of gene To store seeds or other propagules for
banks? long-term
preservation of plant genetic diversity.
What is transgenesis in plants? The process of inserting genes from
virtually any
organism into plants.
What are plasmids used for in As cloning vectors to insert genes of
plant interest into
biotechnology? bacteria.
What role does Agrobacterium It is used to insert transfer DNA (T-DNA)
tumefaciens play in plant containing
transformation? the gene of interest into plant
chromosomes.
