Botany Practical 2 Exam Questions and
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
plants are divided into 4 major 1. Bryophytes (non-vascular)
groups 2. Seedless vascular plants
3. Gymnosperms (naked seeds)
4. Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Phylum Hepatophyta liverworts, nonvascular
Phylum Bryophyta mosses, generalized moss
life cycle Gametophyte (n) = dominant, green "plant
body"
Sporophyte (2n) = grows on top of
gametophyte
anatomy to know Seta = stalk of sporophyte
Capsule = where spores are produced
seedless vascular plants ■ Phylum Lycophyta - Club Mosses
Example: Running Cedar (Lycopodium
digitatum)
■ Phylum Sphenophyta - Horsetails
Example: Rough Horsetail (Equisetum
hyemale)
, horsetail anatomy Strobilus = spore-producing cone
Nodes = joints on stem
Internodes = stem sections between nodes
Leaves = reduced and scale-like
■ Phylum Pterophyta - Ferns Maidenhair Fern
Christmas Fern
Ebony Spleenwort
Grape Fern
Rock Polypody
Purple-stemmed Cliffbrake
Massachusetts Fern
fern anatomy ■ Fern anatomy:
Frond = entire leaf
Pinna = leaflets
Rachis = main leaf stalk
Sorus = cluster of sporangia (spores)
■ Life Cycle:
Sporophyte (2n) = dominant plant
Gametophyte (n) = small, independent
stag
Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest
Updated 2026
plants are divided into 4 major 1. Bryophytes (non-vascular)
groups 2. Seedless vascular plants
3. Gymnosperms (naked seeds)
4. Angiosperms (flowering plants)
Phylum Hepatophyta liverworts, nonvascular
Phylum Bryophyta mosses, generalized moss
life cycle Gametophyte (n) = dominant, green "plant
body"
Sporophyte (2n) = grows on top of
gametophyte
anatomy to know Seta = stalk of sporophyte
Capsule = where spores are produced
seedless vascular plants ■ Phylum Lycophyta - Club Mosses
Example: Running Cedar (Lycopodium
digitatum)
■ Phylum Sphenophyta - Horsetails
Example: Rough Horsetail (Equisetum
hyemale)
, horsetail anatomy Strobilus = spore-producing cone
Nodes = joints on stem
Internodes = stem sections between nodes
Leaves = reduced and scale-like
■ Phylum Pterophyta - Ferns Maidenhair Fern
Christmas Fern
Ebony Spleenwort
Grape Fern
Rock Polypody
Purple-stemmed Cliffbrake
Massachusetts Fern
fern anatomy ■ Fern anatomy:
Frond = entire leaf
Pinna = leaflets
Rachis = main leaf stalk
Sorus = cluster of sporangia (spores)
■ Life Cycle:
Sporophyte (2n) = dominant plant
Gametophyte (n) = small, independent
stag