STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE BODY
2026 ASSESSMENT SCRIPT DETAILED
RESPONSES COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
◉ PHYSIOLOGY.
Answer: is the study of the functions (how and why something
works) of these structures. Examples include how bones and
muscles produce movement, how organs assist in digestion, and
how nerve impulses from the brain trigger the eyelids to blink.
◉ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.
Answer: is the study of why diseases occur and how the body
changes in function in reaction to the diseases. When studying
pathophysiology, there are other terms that are used to describe a
complete picture of the disease process and related information.
◉ ETIOLOGY.
Answer: Study of the causes of diseases. Diseases have a variety of
causes. Examples include bacteria, viruses, hazardous materials and
personal habits.
◉ SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.
,Answer: Signs and symptoms (S/S) are usually used as one phrase
but actually have separate meanings, sign are OBJECTIVE evidence
of an illness. This means that the health care professional can
observe them, signs are objective and include patient behaviors,
visible marks on the body, and test results. Symptoms are
SUBJECTIVE. They cannot be directly observed by the health care
professional but are reported by the patient.
◉ DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES.
Answer: Test performed to determine the DIAGNOSIS (name of the
disease or syndrome). To arrive at a diagnosis, the signs and
symptoms are evaluated by taking a thorough patient history; doing
a physical exam, and ordering laboratory tests, X-rays, or other
special tests, an accurate diagnosis is necessary to determine the
correct treatment and predict the outcome of the problem.
◉ TREATMENT.
Answer: Medications or procedures used to control or cure the
disease, common treatments include surgery, exercise, and special
diets.
◉ PROGNOSIS.
Answer: Prediction of the possible outcome of the disease and
potential for recovery.
,◉ PREVENTION.
Answer: Behaviors that promote health and prevent disease.
◉ WELLNESS.
Answer: is experienced when the body maintains homeostasis.
◉ HOMEOSTASIS.
Answer: is the tendency of a cell or the whole organism to maintain
a state of balance.
◉ ILLNESS.
Answer: occurs when one or more of the body's control systems lose
the ability to maintain homeostasis.
◉ GENETICS.
Answer: Genetics determines one's inherited characteristics, such as
eye and hair color, height, and skin tone. Also, related to its impact
on medical disorders that can be passed from parent to child.
◉ BODY SYSTEM.
Answer: When two or more organs combine to perform a major
body function.
, ◉ SKIN ROLE.
Answer: protects the body from hazards, prevents fluid loss, and
helps control temperature.
◉ SKELETAL SYSTEM.
Answer: Is composed of the bones that provide a framework that
gives shape to the body,
provides places to which muscles can attach to produce movement.,
protects the internal organs, stores minerals, manufactures blood
cells.
◉ LONG BONES.
Answer: Longer than they are wide (arms: humerus, radius, ulna;
legs: femur, tibia, fibula; fingers and toes: metacarpals, metatarsals,
phalanges)
◉ SHORT BONES.
Answer: Similar in length and width (bones of the wrist and ankles,
which are called carpals and tarsals, respectively).
◉ FLAT BONES.
Answer: Two layers with space between them (cranium, ribs,
shoulders blade [scapula], breastbone [sternum], pelvis).
2026 ASSESSMENT SCRIPT DETAILED
RESPONSES COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
◉ PHYSIOLOGY.
Answer: is the study of the functions (how and why something
works) of these structures. Examples include how bones and
muscles produce movement, how organs assist in digestion, and
how nerve impulses from the brain trigger the eyelids to blink.
◉ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.
Answer: is the study of why diseases occur and how the body
changes in function in reaction to the diseases. When studying
pathophysiology, there are other terms that are used to describe a
complete picture of the disease process and related information.
◉ ETIOLOGY.
Answer: Study of the causes of diseases. Diseases have a variety of
causes. Examples include bacteria, viruses, hazardous materials and
personal habits.
◉ SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.
,Answer: Signs and symptoms (S/S) are usually used as one phrase
but actually have separate meanings, sign are OBJECTIVE evidence
of an illness. This means that the health care professional can
observe them, signs are objective and include patient behaviors,
visible marks on the body, and test results. Symptoms are
SUBJECTIVE. They cannot be directly observed by the health care
professional but are reported by the patient.
◉ DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES.
Answer: Test performed to determine the DIAGNOSIS (name of the
disease or syndrome). To arrive at a diagnosis, the signs and
symptoms are evaluated by taking a thorough patient history; doing
a physical exam, and ordering laboratory tests, X-rays, or other
special tests, an accurate diagnosis is necessary to determine the
correct treatment and predict the outcome of the problem.
◉ TREATMENT.
Answer: Medications or procedures used to control or cure the
disease, common treatments include surgery, exercise, and special
diets.
◉ PROGNOSIS.
Answer: Prediction of the possible outcome of the disease and
potential for recovery.
,◉ PREVENTION.
Answer: Behaviors that promote health and prevent disease.
◉ WELLNESS.
Answer: is experienced when the body maintains homeostasis.
◉ HOMEOSTASIS.
Answer: is the tendency of a cell or the whole organism to maintain
a state of balance.
◉ ILLNESS.
Answer: occurs when one or more of the body's control systems lose
the ability to maintain homeostasis.
◉ GENETICS.
Answer: Genetics determines one's inherited characteristics, such as
eye and hair color, height, and skin tone. Also, related to its impact
on medical disorders that can be passed from parent to child.
◉ BODY SYSTEM.
Answer: When two or more organs combine to perform a major
body function.
, ◉ SKIN ROLE.
Answer: protects the body from hazards, prevents fluid loss, and
helps control temperature.
◉ SKELETAL SYSTEM.
Answer: Is composed of the bones that provide a framework that
gives shape to the body,
provides places to which muscles can attach to produce movement.,
protects the internal organs, stores minerals, manufactures blood
cells.
◉ LONG BONES.
Answer: Longer than they are wide (arms: humerus, radius, ulna;
legs: femur, tibia, fibula; fingers and toes: metacarpals, metatarsals,
phalanges)
◉ SHORT BONES.
Answer: Similar in length and width (bones of the wrist and ankles,
which are called carpals and tarsals, respectively).
◉ FLAT BONES.
Answer: Two layers with space between them (cranium, ribs,
shoulders blade [scapula], breastbone [sternum], pelvis).
