NREMT EMT COGNITIVE Final Exam Questions
And Answers Practice Questions With Solutions And
Newest 2026-2027 | Already Graded A+
What is an intracerebral hemorrhage? - ANSWER-
Bleeding within the brain tissues.
Patients can deteriorate rapidly.
High mortality (risk of death) rate.
What is herniation syndrome? - ANSWER-The pressure within the skull is
called intracranial pressure (ICP). Herniation is when the brain is
compressed due to extensive ICP.
Remember, the brain is in an enclosed space. There is little extra space to
accommodate swelling, bleeding, etc.
Severe herniation will force the brain down toward the foramen magnum.
Signs of increased ICP are called *Cushing's reflex*:
-Hypertension
-Bradycardia
-Altered respiratory pattern
,Mortality rates are high for ICP patients. In an attempt to temporarily
reduce dangerously high ICP, higher ventilation rates may be indicated.
Consult local protocol and medical direction.
How can the spine be immobilized? - ANSWER-
1. Manual immobilization -Manual c-spine precautions must be taken
immediately if spinal injury is suspected.
-Manual c-spine cannot be released until the patient's head is completely
immobilized by other means.
-A cervical collar is not a substitute for manual immobilization.
2. Spinal immobilization techniques
-Long spine board: can be used for supine or standing patients, often used if
rapid extrication is needed.
-Half spine board: can be used for seated patients, use of these devices may
require additional time to apply.
What are the routes of medicine administration? – ANSWER-Oral (PO):
slow onset of action, safe but unpredictable absorption.
-Aspirin, activated charcoal, oral glucose
,Intramuscular (IM): rapid absorption, but less reliable.
-EpiPen
Inhalation: rapid onset
-Albuterol
Sublingual: faster onset than oral
-Nitroglycerin
What are the six "rights" of drug administration? – ANSWER-Right
patient, right drug, right route, right dose, right time, right documentation.
What are the types of chest injuries? - ANSWER-1.
Pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax
Sucking chest wound
Hemothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Clavicle and rib fractures
, Flail chest
What is pneumothorax? - ANSWER-Pneumothorax is the accumulation of
air in the pleural space. This can compress lung space, prevent gas
exchange, and lead to hypoxia.
Can be due to trauma or nontraumatic injury to lung tissue.
Lung sounds may be diminished or absent over injured area.
What is tension pneumothorax? - ANSWER-A tension pneumothorax
causes a progressive collapsing of lung tissue.
The entire lung and great vessels can be compressed to the other side of the
chest. Lung sounds will be absent over the affected area.
The patient will develop severe respiratory distress and eventually
respiratory failure. Compression of the great vessels can restrict blood flow,
leading to shock and death.
Tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side is a late and ominous sign.
And Answers Practice Questions With Solutions And
Newest 2026-2027 | Already Graded A+
What is an intracerebral hemorrhage? - ANSWER-
Bleeding within the brain tissues.
Patients can deteriorate rapidly.
High mortality (risk of death) rate.
What is herniation syndrome? - ANSWER-The pressure within the skull is
called intracranial pressure (ICP). Herniation is when the brain is
compressed due to extensive ICP.
Remember, the brain is in an enclosed space. There is little extra space to
accommodate swelling, bleeding, etc.
Severe herniation will force the brain down toward the foramen magnum.
Signs of increased ICP are called *Cushing's reflex*:
-Hypertension
-Bradycardia
-Altered respiratory pattern
,Mortality rates are high for ICP patients. In an attempt to temporarily
reduce dangerously high ICP, higher ventilation rates may be indicated.
Consult local protocol and medical direction.
How can the spine be immobilized? - ANSWER-
1. Manual immobilization -Manual c-spine precautions must be taken
immediately if spinal injury is suspected.
-Manual c-spine cannot be released until the patient's head is completely
immobilized by other means.
-A cervical collar is not a substitute for manual immobilization.
2. Spinal immobilization techniques
-Long spine board: can be used for supine or standing patients, often used if
rapid extrication is needed.
-Half spine board: can be used for seated patients, use of these devices may
require additional time to apply.
What are the routes of medicine administration? – ANSWER-Oral (PO):
slow onset of action, safe but unpredictable absorption.
-Aspirin, activated charcoal, oral glucose
,Intramuscular (IM): rapid absorption, but less reliable.
-EpiPen
Inhalation: rapid onset
-Albuterol
Sublingual: faster onset than oral
-Nitroglycerin
What are the six "rights" of drug administration? – ANSWER-Right
patient, right drug, right route, right dose, right time, right documentation.
What are the types of chest injuries? - ANSWER-1.
Pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax
Sucking chest wound
Hemothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Clavicle and rib fractures
, Flail chest
What is pneumothorax? - ANSWER-Pneumothorax is the accumulation of
air in the pleural space. This can compress lung space, prevent gas
exchange, and lead to hypoxia.
Can be due to trauma or nontraumatic injury to lung tissue.
Lung sounds may be diminished or absent over injured area.
What is tension pneumothorax? - ANSWER-A tension pneumothorax
causes a progressive collapsing of lung tissue.
The entire lung and great vessels can be compressed to the other side of the
chest. Lung sounds will be absent over the affected area.
The patient will develop severe respiratory distress and eventually
respiratory failure. Compression of the great vessels can restrict blood flow,
leading to shock and death.
Tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side is a late and ominous sign.
