Chemistry 1120 Exam 1 Review Highlights – Must-Know Concepts & Practice
Questions
Alcohol - correct answer ✔✔an organic compound who's molecular structure includes a
hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom that is not bonded to any other functional groups
ether - correct answer ✔✔an organic compound that contains an oxygen atom with single
bonds to two carbon atoms
ketone - correct answer ✔✔An organic compound that contains a carbonyl group with the C
bonded to two other carbon atoms
ion-dipole interactions - correct answer ✔✔Coulombic attractions between ions (either positive
or negative) and polar molecules(with a permanent dipole)
constitutional Isomer - correct answer ✔✔One of a set of compounds with the same molecular
formula but different connections between the atoms in their molecules
alkane - correct answer ✔✔hydrocarbon in which each carbon atoms bonded to four other
carbon or hydrogen atoms
Viscosity - correct answer ✔✔a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
hydrocarbon - correct answer ✔✔an organic compound whose molecules contain only carbon
and hydrogen atoms
London dispersion force - correct answer ✔✔an intermolecular force between atoms or
molecules resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous
dipoles in the molecules
,dipole-dipole interactions - correct answer ✔✔an attraction between regions of polar
molecules that have partial charges of opposite sign
functional group - correct answer ✔✔a group of atoms in a molecule that is largely responsible
for the physical and chemical properties of a molecular compound.
organic compounds - correct answer ✔✔compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
sometimes other elements, including oxygen,nitrogen,sulfur, and a halogen
What factors dictate strength of LDF? - correct answer ✔✔-LDF strength increases with
increasing molecular weight
-LDF strength increases with increasing surface area
-LDF increases with increasing number of electrons(incr atomic number)
-LDF increases with increasing distance from nucleus(bigger atom)
What is necessary for a dipole dipole interaction? - correct answer ✔✔-Must be polar
molecules(permanent dipoles)
*Pay attn to shape of molecule and DEN values
and the arrangement of the bonds(determines dipoles)
Requirements for H bonds? - correct answer ✔✔-A H atom must be attached to a N, O, or F
atom
-must be polar (type of D-D)
-Adjacent atom must have a L.P.
-Must be nearly linear 180 degree angle
Note: strongest IMF ~ 5-25% strength covalent bond dep. on atoms involved
, Does viscosity increase or decrease with increasing molecular size? Stronger IMF? - correct
answer ✔✔Viscosity increases with the size of the molecule and stinger IMFs! Resistance to
flow increases in both cases
Greater LDF leads to higher or lower boiling point ? - correct answer ✔✔higher boiling point
with greater LDF!
IMF and miscibility: - correct answer ✔✔-when IMF particles = IMF other particles in mixture
the random location for all particles it's miscible- each particle will experience the same force
regardless of the type of particle near it bc it increases disorder
-When IMF>> IMF of other particles and mixed theres no random location for all particles and
each particle experiences a weaker force with the neighboring particles which req input of
energy into mixture and its immiscible!
BECAUSE:
-IMFs between solute and solvent molec. similar to IMFS. between pure solute and solvent
molecules
-Strong attraction between solute and solvent molecules liberates energy and favors forming a
solution
formal charge - correct answer ✔✔The value calculated for an atom in a molecule or polyatomic
ion by determining the difference between the number of valence electrons in the free atom
and the sum of the lone pair electrons plus half of the electrons in the atom's bonding pairs.
Name the electron pair geometries discussed and give their corresponding SN: - correct answer
✔✔-Linear: SN=2
-Trigonal Planar: SN=3
-Tetrahedral: SN=4
-Trigonal bipyrimidal: SN=5
-Octahedral: SN=6
Questions
Alcohol - correct answer ✔✔an organic compound who's molecular structure includes a
hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom that is not bonded to any other functional groups
ether - correct answer ✔✔an organic compound that contains an oxygen atom with single
bonds to two carbon atoms
ketone - correct answer ✔✔An organic compound that contains a carbonyl group with the C
bonded to two other carbon atoms
ion-dipole interactions - correct answer ✔✔Coulombic attractions between ions (either positive
or negative) and polar molecules(with a permanent dipole)
constitutional Isomer - correct answer ✔✔One of a set of compounds with the same molecular
formula but different connections between the atoms in their molecules
alkane - correct answer ✔✔hydrocarbon in which each carbon atoms bonded to four other
carbon or hydrogen atoms
Viscosity - correct answer ✔✔a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
hydrocarbon - correct answer ✔✔an organic compound whose molecules contain only carbon
and hydrogen atoms
London dispersion force - correct answer ✔✔an intermolecular force between atoms or
molecules resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous
dipoles in the molecules
,dipole-dipole interactions - correct answer ✔✔an attraction between regions of polar
molecules that have partial charges of opposite sign
functional group - correct answer ✔✔a group of atoms in a molecule that is largely responsible
for the physical and chemical properties of a molecular compound.
organic compounds - correct answer ✔✔compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
sometimes other elements, including oxygen,nitrogen,sulfur, and a halogen
What factors dictate strength of LDF? - correct answer ✔✔-LDF strength increases with
increasing molecular weight
-LDF strength increases with increasing surface area
-LDF increases with increasing number of electrons(incr atomic number)
-LDF increases with increasing distance from nucleus(bigger atom)
What is necessary for a dipole dipole interaction? - correct answer ✔✔-Must be polar
molecules(permanent dipoles)
*Pay attn to shape of molecule and DEN values
and the arrangement of the bonds(determines dipoles)
Requirements for H bonds? - correct answer ✔✔-A H atom must be attached to a N, O, or F
atom
-must be polar (type of D-D)
-Adjacent atom must have a L.P.
-Must be nearly linear 180 degree angle
Note: strongest IMF ~ 5-25% strength covalent bond dep. on atoms involved
, Does viscosity increase or decrease with increasing molecular size? Stronger IMF? - correct
answer ✔✔Viscosity increases with the size of the molecule and stinger IMFs! Resistance to
flow increases in both cases
Greater LDF leads to higher or lower boiling point ? - correct answer ✔✔higher boiling point
with greater LDF!
IMF and miscibility: - correct answer ✔✔-when IMF particles = IMF other particles in mixture
the random location for all particles it's miscible- each particle will experience the same force
regardless of the type of particle near it bc it increases disorder
-When IMF>> IMF of other particles and mixed theres no random location for all particles and
each particle experiences a weaker force with the neighboring particles which req input of
energy into mixture and its immiscible!
BECAUSE:
-IMFs between solute and solvent molec. similar to IMFS. between pure solute and solvent
molecules
-Strong attraction between solute and solvent molecules liberates energy and favors forming a
solution
formal charge - correct answer ✔✔The value calculated for an atom in a molecule or polyatomic
ion by determining the difference between the number of valence electrons in the free atom
and the sum of the lone pair electrons plus half of the electrons in the atom's bonding pairs.
Name the electron pair geometries discussed and give their corresponding SN: - correct answer
✔✔-Linear: SN=2
-Trigonal Planar: SN=3
-Tetrahedral: SN=4
-Trigonal bipyrimidal: SN=5
-Octahedral: SN=6
