When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all of the
following characteristics of nursing EXCEPT:
a. historically nursing is as old as mankind
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to care of the sick
c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no formal education
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation correct answers a. historically
nursing is as old as mankind
The nursing profession's first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for high-quality
care and used statistical data to document the need for hand washing in preventing infection was:
a. Abraham Maslow
b. Martha Rogers
c. Hildegard Peplau
d. Florence Nightingale correct answers d. Florence Nightingale
Today, professional nursing education begins at the:
a. undergraduate level
b. graduate level
c. advanced practice level
d. administrative level correct answers a. undergraduate level
Nursing's metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from other
disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key concepts that form
the foundation for all nursing theories are:
,a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education
b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy
c. person, environment, health, and nursing
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion correct answers c. person, environment,
health, and nursing
When admitting a patient to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the patient about cultural
issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of:
a. person
b. environment
c. health
d. nursing correct answers b. environment
- The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants that
influence a client's health perception and behavior
Nurses are prepared to function as: correct answers - advanced practice nurse practitioners
- administrators
- educators
A young mother tells the nurse, "im worried because my son needs a blood transfusion. I don't
know what to do, because blood transfusions cause AIDS." Which central nursing construct is
represented in this situation?
a. Environment
b. caring
c. health
d. person correct answers d. person
,- Person is defined as the recipient of nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual
dimensions
Nurses use __________________ to bridge the interpersonal space between scientific
understandings and patient-centered health experiences. It is this dimension of knowledge that
helps nurses to individualize nursing and interprofessional care strategies correct answers -
patterns of knowing
What are the 5 patterns of knowing? correct answers - empirical
- personal
- aesthetic
- ethical
- emancipatory
This pattern of knowledge is the scientific rationale for skilled nursing interventions. It draws
upon verifiable data from science. Includes logical reasoning and problem solving. correct
answers Empirical ways of knowing
The nurse performs a dressing change using sterile technique. This is an example of which
pattern of knowledge?
a. empirical
b. personal
c. aesthetic
d. ethical correct answers - Empirical
This pattern of knowledge allows the nurse to understand and treat each individual as a unique
person. It is knowledge characterized as subjective, concrete, and existential. This pattern of
knowing occurs when nurses connect with the "humanness" of a patient experience. It is a
"precondition for establishing a therapeutic relationship." This knowledge develops when nurses
, intuitively understand and connect with patients as unique human beings - because they share the
experience of being human correct answers Personal patterns of knowing
This pattern of knowing allows the nurse to connect in different more meaningful ways. It links
the humanistic components of care with their scientific application. It represents a deeper
appreciation of the whole person or situation, and moving beyond the superficial to see the
experience as part of a larger whole.
- It enables the nurses to experientially relate to the fear behind a patient's angry response, the
courage of a patient with stage 4 cancer, or the pain of a father cutting off funds for a drug
addicted son correct answers Aesthetic ways of knowing
This way of knowing refers to the moral aspects of nursing. It refers to knowledge of what is
right and wrong, attention to professional standards and codes in making moral choices, taking
responsibility for one's actions and protecting patient autonomy and rights. correct answers
ethical ways of knowing
This way of knowing includes awareness of social problems and social justice issues as
contributory determinants of health disparities. This pattern of knowing expands and supports the
emergent goals of Health People 2020, with its focus on social determinants as a context for
health care concerns. correct answers emancipatory ways of knowing
The nurse-client relationship as described by Hildegard Peplau:
a. would not be useful in a short-stay unit
b. allows personal and social growth to occur only for the client
c. facilitates the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals
d. focuses on maintaining a personal relationship between the nurse and client correct answers c.
facilitates the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals
The essence of nursing is: correct answers - Caring