NSG 170 - Thermoregulation || All Accurately Answered.
What is thermoregulation? correct answers the process of maintaining the core body temperature
at a nearly constant value
Normal body temperature range correct answers The range is from 36.2°C to 37.6°C (97°F to
100°F)
The average temperature is 98.6°F (37°C).
Normothermia correct answers The state in which body temperature is within the "normal" range
Hypothermia correct answers refers to a body temperature below normal range (<36.2°C)
Signs of hypothermia correct answers decreased body temperature and respirations, pale and
cool skin, hypotension (decreased blood pressure) decreased muscle coordination and urinary
output, disorientation, and drowsiness progressing to coma.
Mild Hypothermia correct answers (34-36 C); pt is usually alert and shivering in an attempt to
generate heat; pulse rate and resp. are usually rapid; skin may be flushed (red) but may turn to
pale due to bodies constriction of blood vessels at the skin to retain heat, than cyanotic; may have
blue lips or fingertips
Moderate Hypothermia correct answers (30-34 C). Lethargy, sleepy, slow pulse. Loss of
dexterity, may not be able to ambulate. pale or blue extremities. May no longer shiver.
Severe Hypothermia correct answers (less than 30 C); shivering stops and muscular activity
decreases; pt becomes lethargic; LOC decreases; BP drops; poor condition and memory loss;
reduced or complete loss of sensation of touch, mood changes, and impaired judgment; resp
slow; @ 80 degrees or less, all cardiovascular activity may cease; pupil reaction is slow
,What is a major sign of hypothermia? correct answers Sleepiness
Hyperthermia correct answers refers to a body temperature above normal range (>37.6°C)
Signs of hyperthermia correct answers a. Vasodilation occurs, causing the skin to appear flushed
and warm or hot to touch
b. Diaphoresis
c. Dry skin and membranes
d. Decreased urinary output (and other signs of dehydration)
e. Seizures
f. Cognitive changes: slightly confused or delirious to coma.
Hyperpyrexia correct answers extremely high body temperature or fever
____ establishes a set point for core body temp correct answers Hypothalamus
Heat is produced through _____ in the cells. correct answers Metabolic activity (chemical
reactions)
Metabolic activity involves the ingestion and metabolism of food and the basal metabolic rate
The greatest amount of heat is produced by the ____ and through metabolic activity in the ____
correct answers Muscles; Liver
The basal metabolic rate changes with ___ correct answers Age
The contraction of muscles produces heat through _____ and _____. correct answers Muscle
Tone; Shivering
, ____ consumption, ____ activity, and _____ levels affect the amount of heat produced. correct
answers Food; Physical; Hormone
Chemical thermogenesis occurs as a result of ____ release, which increases metabolic rate
correct answers Epinephrine
The body conserves heat through ____ correct answers peripheral vasoconstriction
The process shunts warm blood away from the superficial body tissues and skin surfaces and
increases muscle activity to minimize heat loss.
____ occurs as a result of multiple mechanisms, including radiation, conduction, convection,
vasodilation, evaporation, reduced muscle activity, and increased respiration correct answers
Heat Loss
Radiation occurs through a process of ____ that emit heat from skin surfaces to the air. correct
answers Electromagnetic waves
The degree of heat loss through radiation is directly related to the difference between ambient air
temperature, skin temperature, and exposure.
Evaporation correct answers The change of state from a liquid to a gas
Conduction correct answers transfer of heat through direct contact of one surface to another
___ surfaces lose heat to ___ surfaces. correct answers Warmer; Cooler
Convection correct answers loss of heat by air currents (caused by wind or a fan) moving across
the body surface
What is thermoregulation? correct answers the process of maintaining the core body temperature
at a nearly constant value
Normal body temperature range correct answers The range is from 36.2°C to 37.6°C (97°F to
100°F)
The average temperature is 98.6°F (37°C).
Normothermia correct answers The state in which body temperature is within the "normal" range
Hypothermia correct answers refers to a body temperature below normal range (<36.2°C)
Signs of hypothermia correct answers decreased body temperature and respirations, pale and
cool skin, hypotension (decreased blood pressure) decreased muscle coordination and urinary
output, disorientation, and drowsiness progressing to coma.
Mild Hypothermia correct answers (34-36 C); pt is usually alert and shivering in an attempt to
generate heat; pulse rate and resp. are usually rapid; skin may be flushed (red) but may turn to
pale due to bodies constriction of blood vessels at the skin to retain heat, than cyanotic; may have
blue lips or fingertips
Moderate Hypothermia correct answers (30-34 C). Lethargy, sleepy, slow pulse. Loss of
dexterity, may not be able to ambulate. pale or blue extremities. May no longer shiver.
Severe Hypothermia correct answers (less than 30 C); shivering stops and muscular activity
decreases; pt becomes lethargic; LOC decreases; BP drops; poor condition and memory loss;
reduced or complete loss of sensation of touch, mood changes, and impaired judgment; resp
slow; @ 80 degrees or less, all cardiovascular activity may cease; pupil reaction is slow
,What is a major sign of hypothermia? correct answers Sleepiness
Hyperthermia correct answers refers to a body temperature above normal range (>37.6°C)
Signs of hyperthermia correct answers a. Vasodilation occurs, causing the skin to appear flushed
and warm or hot to touch
b. Diaphoresis
c. Dry skin and membranes
d. Decreased urinary output (and other signs of dehydration)
e. Seizures
f. Cognitive changes: slightly confused or delirious to coma.
Hyperpyrexia correct answers extremely high body temperature or fever
____ establishes a set point for core body temp correct answers Hypothalamus
Heat is produced through _____ in the cells. correct answers Metabolic activity (chemical
reactions)
Metabolic activity involves the ingestion and metabolism of food and the basal metabolic rate
The greatest amount of heat is produced by the ____ and through metabolic activity in the ____
correct answers Muscles; Liver
The basal metabolic rate changes with ___ correct answers Age
The contraction of muscles produces heat through _____ and _____. correct answers Muscle
Tone; Shivering
, ____ consumption, ____ activity, and _____ levels affect the amount of heat produced. correct
answers Food; Physical; Hormone
Chemical thermogenesis occurs as a result of ____ release, which increases metabolic rate
correct answers Epinephrine
The body conserves heat through ____ correct answers peripheral vasoconstriction
The process shunts warm blood away from the superficial body tissues and skin surfaces and
increases muscle activity to minimize heat loss.
____ occurs as a result of multiple mechanisms, including radiation, conduction, convection,
vasodilation, evaporation, reduced muscle activity, and increased respiration correct answers
Heat Loss
Radiation occurs through a process of ____ that emit heat from skin surfaces to the air. correct
answers Electromagnetic waves
The degree of heat loss through radiation is directly related to the difference between ambient air
temperature, skin temperature, and exposure.
Evaporation correct answers The change of state from a liquid to a gas
Conduction correct answers transfer of heat through direct contact of one surface to another
___ surfaces lose heat to ___ surfaces. correct answers Warmer; Cooler
Convection correct answers loss of heat by air currents (caused by wind or a fan) moving across
the body surface
