PHARMACOLOGY CONTENT MASTERY
REVIEW ACTUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
1. A nurse administers digoxin 0.125 mg to a client with heart failure. Which
assessment is most important prior to giving the dose?
A. Respiratory rate
B. Apical pulse for 1 minute ✅
C. Capillary refill
D. Blood pressure
Rationale: Digoxin slows AV conduction; bradycardia (<60 bpm) requires
withholding the dose.
2. A nurse is administering morphine to a postoperative client. Which
assessment is the priority before giving the dose?
A. Heart rate
B. Respiratory rate ✅
C. Temperature
D. Blood glucose
Rationale: Opioids can cause respiratory depression. The nurse should assess the
respiratory rate before administration and hold the dose if <12/min.
,3. A client taking warfarin (Coumadin) should be taught to avoid which food?
A. Bananas
B. Apples
C. Spinach ✅
D. Cheese
Rationale: Foods high in vitamin K (like spinach, kale, broccoli) reduce warfarin
effectiveness.
4. Which laboratory result should be monitored for a client on furosemide
(Lasix)?
A. Hemoglobin
B. WBC
C. Potassium ✅
D. Calcium
Rationale: Loop diuretics cause potassium loss, predisposing the client to
hypokalemia.
5. Which finding indicates digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity?
A. Constipation
B. Nausea and yellow vision ✅
C. Insomnia
D. Polyuria
Rationale: Early digoxin toxicity signs include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and
visual disturbances (yellow halos).
,6. A nurse should hold metoprolol (Lopressor) if which condition exists?
A. BP 138/88 mmHg
B. HR 85 bpm
C. HR 48 bpm ✅
D. Temp 98.6°F
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate; hold if HR <50–60 bpm.
7. A nurse is administering gentamicin. Which lab should be monitored?
A. Hemoglobin
B. BUN and creatinine ✅
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
Rationale: Gentamicin is nephrotoxic; renal function should be closely monitored.
8. Which condition is a contraindication for beta-blockers?
A. Hypertension
B. Asthma ✅
C. Diabetes
D. Hyperlipidemia
Rationale: Beta-blockers can cause bronchoconstriction and are contraindicated in
asthma.
9. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed an IM injection of penicillin
G benzathine. The client asks why the injection must be given IM instead of
, through his IV line. Which of the following is the correct response by the
nurse?
Answer: "Your medication can't be given IV because it is not water-
soluble." ✅
Rationale: Medications cannot be administered IV if they are not water-soluble.
10. A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is in preterm labor and is
receiving magnesium sulfate by continuous IV infusion. Which of the
following findings indicates magnesium toxicity?
A. Hyperreflexia
B. Hyporeflexia ✅
C. Tachycardia
D. Hypertension
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate depresses neuromuscular activity, leading to muscle
weakness and paralysis. Therefore, hyporeflexia can indicate magnesium toxicity.
11. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is prescribed a
scopolamine patch for motion sickness. Which of the following client
statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Answer: "I should place the patch behind my ear." ✅
Rationale: The client should place the scopolamine patch behind the ear.
12. A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving IV amphotericin B. Which
of the following findings indicates an adverse reaction to this medication?
REVIEW ACTUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
1. A nurse administers digoxin 0.125 mg to a client with heart failure. Which
assessment is most important prior to giving the dose?
A. Respiratory rate
B. Apical pulse for 1 minute ✅
C. Capillary refill
D. Blood pressure
Rationale: Digoxin slows AV conduction; bradycardia (<60 bpm) requires
withholding the dose.
2. A nurse is administering morphine to a postoperative client. Which
assessment is the priority before giving the dose?
A. Heart rate
B. Respiratory rate ✅
C. Temperature
D. Blood glucose
Rationale: Opioids can cause respiratory depression. The nurse should assess the
respiratory rate before administration and hold the dose if <12/min.
,3. A client taking warfarin (Coumadin) should be taught to avoid which food?
A. Bananas
B. Apples
C. Spinach ✅
D. Cheese
Rationale: Foods high in vitamin K (like spinach, kale, broccoli) reduce warfarin
effectiveness.
4. Which laboratory result should be monitored for a client on furosemide
(Lasix)?
A. Hemoglobin
B. WBC
C. Potassium ✅
D. Calcium
Rationale: Loop diuretics cause potassium loss, predisposing the client to
hypokalemia.
5. Which finding indicates digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity?
A. Constipation
B. Nausea and yellow vision ✅
C. Insomnia
D. Polyuria
Rationale: Early digoxin toxicity signs include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and
visual disturbances (yellow halos).
,6. A nurse should hold metoprolol (Lopressor) if which condition exists?
A. BP 138/88 mmHg
B. HR 85 bpm
C. HR 48 bpm ✅
D. Temp 98.6°F
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate; hold if HR <50–60 bpm.
7. A nurse is administering gentamicin. Which lab should be monitored?
A. Hemoglobin
B. BUN and creatinine ✅
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
Rationale: Gentamicin is nephrotoxic; renal function should be closely monitored.
8. Which condition is a contraindication for beta-blockers?
A. Hypertension
B. Asthma ✅
C. Diabetes
D. Hyperlipidemia
Rationale: Beta-blockers can cause bronchoconstriction and are contraindicated in
asthma.
9. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed an IM injection of penicillin
G benzathine. The client asks why the injection must be given IM instead of
, through his IV line. Which of the following is the correct response by the
nurse?
Answer: "Your medication can't be given IV because it is not water-
soluble." ✅
Rationale: Medications cannot be administered IV if they are not water-soluble.
10. A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is in preterm labor and is
receiving magnesium sulfate by continuous IV infusion. Which of the
following findings indicates magnesium toxicity?
A. Hyperreflexia
B. Hyporeflexia ✅
C. Tachycardia
D. Hypertension
Rationale: Magnesium sulfate depresses neuromuscular activity, leading to muscle
weakness and paralysis. Therefore, hyporeflexia can indicate magnesium toxicity.
11. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is prescribed a
scopolamine patch for motion sickness. Which of the following client
statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Answer: "I should place the patch behind my ear." ✅
Rationale: The client should place the scopolamine patch behind the ear.
12. A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving IV amphotericin B. Which
of the following findings indicates an adverse reaction to this medication?
