TEAS Science Complete Study Review with Complete Solutions
Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet togeth-
Anatomical position er; arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands
forward.
The basic structural unit of an organism from which living
Cells
things are crated.
Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication,
Cellular functions
protein synthesis, and movement.
Words used to explain relationships of locations of
Directional terminology
anatomical elements (distal, posterior, medial, etc.)
Distal Farther from the trunk of the body
Lateral Away from the midline of the body
dorsum of hand top of hand
dorsum of foot Top of foot
posterior Back of the body
medial Toward the midline of the body
anterior Located towards the front of the body
inferior Lower on the body, farther from the head
A group of organs that work together in performing vital
Organ system
body functions.
Organelle A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function.
A self-contained part of an organism that performs a spe-
Organ
cific function.
Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal,
Reference planes
coronal, and transverse.
A group of cells with similar structure that function togeth-
Tissue
er as a unit, but at a lower level than organs.
Alveoli
,Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide takes place.
A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed air-
Asthma
ways and diflculty breathing.
Bronchi The main passageways directly attached to the lungs.
Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alve-
Bronchioles
oli.
A genetic disorder that attects the lungs and other organs,
cystic fibrosis characterized by diflculty breathing, coughing up sputum,
and lung infections.
perfusion The passage of fluid to an organ or a tissue.
pleura A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity.
a lipoprotein secreted by the alveoli that lowers the surface
tension in the alveoli, reduces the amount of pressure
Surfactant
needed to inflate the alveoli, and decreases the tendency
of the alveoli to collapse.
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breath-
tidal volume
ing
The windpipe; tube leading from the larynx to the lungs;
trachea a passage through which air moves in the respiratory
system
The movement of air in and out of the body via inhalation
ventilation
and exhalation.
Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary loop
and back to the heart
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and
systemic loop
back to the heart
, Blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to other
arteries
parts of the body.
capillary Small blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules.
The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart refills
diastole
with blood.
heart The muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the
Hemoglobin
lungs to the rest of the body.
leukocyte White blood cells, which protect the body against disease.
Clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to
lymph
fight disease.
lymphocyte A subtype of white blood cell found in lymph.
The pale yellow component of blood that carries red blood
plasma
cells, which blood cells, and platelets throughout the body.
The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels
systole
blood.
vein Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.
sinoatrial node pacemaker of the heart
An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells,
Antibodies
that functions as the ettector in an immune response.
The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is
Anus
expelled.
bolus A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed.
The semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves
chyme
from the stomach to the small intestine.
enzymatic digestion The break down of food by enzymes for absorption.
Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet togeth-
Anatomical position er; arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands
forward.
The basic structural unit of an organism from which living
Cells
things are crated.
Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication,
Cellular functions
protein synthesis, and movement.
Words used to explain relationships of locations of
Directional terminology
anatomical elements (distal, posterior, medial, etc.)
Distal Farther from the trunk of the body
Lateral Away from the midline of the body
dorsum of hand top of hand
dorsum of foot Top of foot
posterior Back of the body
medial Toward the midline of the body
anterior Located towards the front of the body
inferior Lower on the body, farther from the head
A group of organs that work together in performing vital
Organ system
body functions.
Organelle A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function.
A self-contained part of an organism that performs a spe-
Organ
cific function.
Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal,
Reference planes
coronal, and transverse.
A group of cells with similar structure that function togeth-
Tissue
er as a unit, but at a lower level than organs.
Alveoli
,Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide takes place.
A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed air-
Asthma
ways and diflculty breathing.
Bronchi The main passageways directly attached to the lungs.
Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alve-
Bronchioles
oli.
A genetic disorder that attects the lungs and other organs,
cystic fibrosis characterized by diflculty breathing, coughing up sputum,
and lung infections.
perfusion The passage of fluid to an organ or a tissue.
pleura A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity.
a lipoprotein secreted by the alveoli that lowers the surface
tension in the alveoli, reduces the amount of pressure
Surfactant
needed to inflate the alveoli, and decreases the tendency
of the alveoli to collapse.
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breath-
tidal volume
ing
The windpipe; tube leading from the larynx to the lungs;
trachea a passage through which air moves in the respiratory
system
The movement of air in and out of the body via inhalation
ventilation
and exhalation.
Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary loop
and back to the heart
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and
systemic loop
back to the heart
, Blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to other
arteries
parts of the body.
capillary Small blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules.
The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart refills
diastole
with blood.
heart The muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the
Hemoglobin
lungs to the rest of the body.
leukocyte White blood cells, which protect the body against disease.
Clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to
lymph
fight disease.
lymphocyte A subtype of white blood cell found in lymph.
The pale yellow component of blood that carries red blood
plasma
cells, which blood cells, and platelets throughout the body.
The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels
systole
blood.
vein Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.
sinoatrial node pacemaker of the heart
An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells,
Antibodies
that functions as the ettector in an immune response.
The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is
Anus
expelled.
bolus A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed.
The semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves
chyme
from the stomach to the small intestine.
enzymatic digestion The break down of food by enzymes for absorption.
