Updated/Latest Porth’s Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States 10th Edition by Tommie L Norris 2025–2026 Comprehensive Test Bank Questions and Answers for Advanced Pathophysiology Examination Preparation Nursing Medical Health Sciences and Clini

Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Test Bank
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Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease
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1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused
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on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments
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made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a
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good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
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A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book L L L L L L L L L L L



reviews and word games during social time
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B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care L L L L L L L L L L L L



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C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with L L L L L L L L



diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
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D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis L L L L L L L L L L



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E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children L L L L L L L L L



Ans: A, B, C, E
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Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
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social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in
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book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
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physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
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physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital
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in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
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2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
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variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
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referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
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Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
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would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
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A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
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descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
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B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
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hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
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C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
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D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
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health care facilities.
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Ans: B L



Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
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alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
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promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
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promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access to
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health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels
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within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the “attaining lives
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free of preventable disease and premature death” determinant.
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,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
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university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
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between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease.
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Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of
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molecules that cause disease?
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A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
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packed red blood cells
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B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
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familial hypercholesterolemia
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C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
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therapy and chest physiotherapy
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D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and
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is HIV positive.
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Ans: D L



Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle
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cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the
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effects of abnormal molecules.
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4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
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number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
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aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
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A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
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B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
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C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
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D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
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Ans: B
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Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the
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increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
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traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
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,5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
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arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the
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pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient
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verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
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disease?
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A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
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B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
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French fries every day.”
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C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made itL L L L L L L L L L L L



easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
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D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
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causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.”
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Ans: C L



Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
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pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a
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fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease.
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Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of
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exercise.
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6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
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obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
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client for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's current state of
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health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
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A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
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B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
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C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
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bilaterally. L



D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
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Ans: B
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Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
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such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
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and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
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, 7. Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a disease or
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outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
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A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation
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B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due
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to intestinal aganglionosis
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C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an L L L L L L L L



antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma
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D) Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a patient diagnosed with
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Parkinson disease
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E) Loss of short-term memory in a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease
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Ans: A, C
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Feedback:
Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following chemotherapy are
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both examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a disease or outcome from
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treatment). It is normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As Parkinson
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disease progresses, the inability to walk independently is expected. This is a normal
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progression for people diagnosed with Parkinson's. Loss of short-term memory in a
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patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease is an expected finding.
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8. Laboratory testing is ordered for a male patient during a clinic visit for a routine
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follow-up assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows
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that
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A) a normal value represents the test results that fall within the bell curve.
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B) if the lab result is above the 50% distribution, the result is considered elevated.
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C) all lab values are adjusted for gender and weight.
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D) if the result of a very sensitive test is negative, that does not mean the person is
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disease free.
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Ans: A L



Feedback:
What is termed a normal value for a laboratory test is established statistically from
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results obtained from a selected sample of people. A normal value represents the test
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results that fall within the bell curve or the 95% distribution. Some lab values (like
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hemoglobin) are adjusted for gender, other comorbidities, or age. If the result of a very
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sensitive test is negative, it tells us the person does not have the disease, and the disease
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has been ruled out or excluded.
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