Rasmussen University NUR 2349 Exam 1 (pdf) | 2026/2027 |
Professional Nursing I Q&A | Nursing
**1. A client has been on prolonged bed rest, and the nurse is observing for
signs associated with immobility. In assessment of the client, the nurse is
alert to which of the following findings?**
A) Increased peristalsis
B) Decreased peristalsis
C) Increased muscle mass
D) Increased bone density
**Correct Answer:** B) Decreased peristalsis
**Rationale:** Prolonged immobility slows gastrointestinal motility, leading to
decreased peristalsis and constipation. Decreased muscle mass and bone
density loss are also complications of immobility. Increased peristalsis,
muscle mass, and bone density are not expected findings in an immobile
client. [8†L10-L13][0†L6-L8]
**2. A client is prescribed alendronate (Fosamax). Which statement indicates
that the client understands teaching about this drug?**
A) “I should take this drug with a full glass of water.”
B) “I should take this drug with milk to protect my stomach.”
C) “I should lie down for 30 minutes after taking this drug.”
D) “I can take this drug with any beverage of my choice.”
**Correct Answer:** A) “I should take this drug with a full glass of water.”
**Rationale:** Alendronate (Fosamax) must be taken with a full glass of
water upon arising and the client must remain upright for 30-60 minutes to
prevent esophageal irritation and ulceration. Taking it with milk or other
,beverages, or lying down after administration, increases the risk of
esophageal injury. [8†L13-L15]
**3. A home health nurse is reviewing the medication list of an older adult
client who reports falling a couple of times over the past week. Which of the
following medications should the nurse suspect is contributing to the client's
falls?**
A) Acetaminophen
B) Alprazolam (Xanax)
C) Lisinopril
D) Metformin
**Correct Answer:** B) Alprazolam (Xanax)
**Rationale:** Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine that can cause sedation,
dizziness, and impaired coordination, increasing the risk of falls in older
adults. Acetaminophen, lisinopril, and metformin are less likely to contribute
directly to falls through sedation or balance impairment. [8†L16-L19]
**4. A nurse is developing a plan of care for an older adult who is at risk for
falls. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to include in the
plan? (Select all that apply.)**
A) Teach about balance and strengthening exercises
B) Provide information about home safety checks
C) Keep the bed in the highest position
D) Remove clutter from pathways
**Correct Answer:** A) Teach about balance and strengthening exercises; B)
Provide information about home safety checks; D) Remove clutter from
pathways
,**Rationale:** Balance and strengthening exercises reduce fall risk, and
home safety checks identify environmental hazards. Removing clutter from
pathways prevents tripping. Keeping the bed in the highest position
increases fall risk and injury severity. [8†L19-L22][9†L20-L22]
**5. The best approach for the nurse to use to assess the presence of
thrombosis in an immobilized client is to:**
A) Measure the calf and thigh circumferences
B) Check for Homans’ sign
C) Palpate for pedal pulses
D) Assess skin temperature
**Correct Answer:** A) Measure the calf and thigh circumferences
**Rationale:** Measuring calf and thigh circumferences is a reliable,
objective method for detecting unilateral swelling, a key sign of deep vein
thrombosis (DVT) in immobilized clients. Homans’ sign (pain on dorsiflexion)
is no longer considered a reliable indicator. [9†L7-L9][0†L11-L13]
**6. A nurse is teaching a group of community members at the senior center
about osteoporosis. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the
nurse instruct as not being related to the disorder?**
A) Pain
B) Kyphosis
C) Loss of height
D) Increased bone density
**Correct Answer:** D) Increased bone density
, **Rationale:** Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone density, not
increased. Pain, kyphosis (dowager’s hump), and loss of height are all
common manifestations of osteoporosis due to vertebral compression
fractures. [9†L10-L12]
**7. A patient who has been in the hospital for several weeks is about to be
discharged. The patient is weak from the hospitalization and asks the nurse
to explain why this is happening. The nurse's best response is:**
A) “Your weakness is due to your immobility in the hospital. That is known as
deconditioning.”
B) “Your weakness is a normal part of aging and will not improve.”
C) “Your weakness is due to a lack of vitamins in the hospital food.”
D) “Your weakness is caused by an infection you picked up in the hospital.”
**Correct Answer:** A) “Your weakness is due to your immobility in the
hospital. That is known as deconditioning.”
**Rationale:** Deconditioning is the loss of muscle strength and endurance
that occurs with prolonged immobility or bed rest. This is a common
complication of hospitalization, especially in older adults. The other options
do not accurately explain the physiological cause of weakness. [9†L16-L19]
**8. Prior to applying restraints for an elderly client who has previously fallen
out of bed, which intervention can the nurse initiate as a least restrictive
alternative?**
A) Place a bed alarm that will notify staff when the client attempts to get out
of bed
B) Apply wrist restraints to prevent the client from getting up
C) Keep the bed in the highest position
D) Place the client in a room far from the nurses’ station
Professional Nursing I Q&A | Nursing
**1. A client has been on prolonged bed rest, and the nurse is observing for
signs associated with immobility. In assessment of the client, the nurse is
alert to which of the following findings?**
A) Increased peristalsis
B) Decreased peristalsis
C) Increased muscle mass
D) Increased bone density
**Correct Answer:** B) Decreased peristalsis
**Rationale:** Prolonged immobility slows gastrointestinal motility, leading to
decreased peristalsis and constipation. Decreased muscle mass and bone
density loss are also complications of immobility. Increased peristalsis,
muscle mass, and bone density are not expected findings in an immobile
client. [8†L10-L13][0†L6-L8]
**2. A client is prescribed alendronate (Fosamax). Which statement indicates
that the client understands teaching about this drug?**
A) “I should take this drug with a full glass of water.”
B) “I should take this drug with milk to protect my stomach.”
C) “I should lie down for 30 minutes after taking this drug.”
D) “I can take this drug with any beverage of my choice.”
**Correct Answer:** A) “I should take this drug with a full glass of water.”
**Rationale:** Alendronate (Fosamax) must be taken with a full glass of
water upon arising and the client must remain upright for 30-60 minutes to
prevent esophageal irritation and ulceration. Taking it with milk or other
,beverages, or lying down after administration, increases the risk of
esophageal injury. [8†L13-L15]
**3. A home health nurse is reviewing the medication list of an older adult
client who reports falling a couple of times over the past week. Which of the
following medications should the nurse suspect is contributing to the client's
falls?**
A) Acetaminophen
B) Alprazolam (Xanax)
C) Lisinopril
D) Metformin
**Correct Answer:** B) Alprazolam (Xanax)
**Rationale:** Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine that can cause sedation,
dizziness, and impaired coordination, increasing the risk of falls in older
adults. Acetaminophen, lisinopril, and metformin are less likely to contribute
directly to falls through sedation or balance impairment. [8†L16-L19]
**4. A nurse is developing a plan of care for an older adult who is at risk for
falls. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to include in the
plan? (Select all that apply.)**
A) Teach about balance and strengthening exercises
B) Provide information about home safety checks
C) Keep the bed in the highest position
D) Remove clutter from pathways
**Correct Answer:** A) Teach about balance and strengthening exercises; B)
Provide information about home safety checks; D) Remove clutter from
pathways
,**Rationale:** Balance and strengthening exercises reduce fall risk, and
home safety checks identify environmental hazards. Removing clutter from
pathways prevents tripping. Keeping the bed in the highest position
increases fall risk and injury severity. [8†L19-L22][9†L20-L22]
**5. The best approach for the nurse to use to assess the presence of
thrombosis in an immobilized client is to:**
A) Measure the calf and thigh circumferences
B) Check for Homans’ sign
C) Palpate for pedal pulses
D) Assess skin temperature
**Correct Answer:** A) Measure the calf and thigh circumferences
**Rationale:** Measuring calf and thigh circumferences is a reliable,
objective method for detecting unilateral swelling, a key sign of deep vein
thrombosis (DVT) in immobilized clients. Homans’ sign (pain on dorsiflexion)
is no longer considered a reliable indicator. [9†L7-L9][0†L11-L13]
**6. A nurse is teaching a group of community members at the senior center
about osteoporosis. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the
nurse instruct as not being related to the disorder?**
A) Pain
B) Kyphosis
C) Loss of height
D) Increased bone density
**Correct Answer:** D) Increased bone density
, **Rationale:** Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone density, not
increased. Pain, kyphosis (dowager’s hump), and loss of height are all
common manifestations of osteoporosis due to vertebral compression
fractures. [9†L10-L12]
**7. A patient who has been in the hospital for several weeks is about to be
discharged. The patient is weak from the hospitalization and asks the nurse
to explain why this is happening. The nurse's best response is:**
A) “Your weakness is due to your immobility in the hospital. That is known as
deconditioning.”
B) “Your weakness is a normal part of aging and will not improve.”
C) “Your weakness is due to a lack of vitamins in the hospital food.”
D) “Your weakness is caused by an infection you picked up in the hospital.”
**Correct Answer:** A) “Your weakness is due to your immobility in the
hospital. That is known as deconditioning.”
**Rationale:** Deconditioning is the loss of muscle strength and endurance
that occurs with prolonged immobility or bed rest. This is a common
complication of hospitalization, especially in older adults. The other options
do not accurately explain the physiological cause of weakness. [9†L16-L19]
**8. Prior to applying restraints for an elderly client who has previously fallen
out of bed, which intervention can the nurse initiate as a least restrictive
alternative?**
A) Place a bed alarm that will notify staff when the client attempts to get out
of bed
B) Apply wrist restraints to prevent the client from getting up
C) Keep the bed in the highest position
D) Place the client in a room far from the nurses’ station
