S-290 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ T/F Topography can directly and indirectly affect fuels and their availability
for combustion..
Answer: True
◍ Of the three primary environmental factors that influence fire behavior,
which is the least variable?.
Answer: Topography
◍ Seven Wild-land Fire Environment Factors..
Answer: -Terrain - Fuel Characteristic -Fire Triangle -Wind - Fuel Moisture
-Stability - Fuel Temperature
◍ Weather factors relating to wild and fire behavior..
Answer: temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric stability, windspeed
and direction,precipitation
◍ Topographic factors important to woodland fire behavior..
Answer: Elevation, position on slop, aspect, shape of the country, steepness
of slope
◍ The least critical form of heat transfer that influences rate of spread in a
running wild land fire is:.
Answer: Conduction
◍ Fuel Factors important to wild-land fire behavior..
Answer: Fuel loading, size and shape, compactness, horizontal continuity,
vertical continuity, chemical content.
◍ Conduction.
, Answer: The transfer of heat from one molecule to another.
◍ Convection.
Answer: The transfer of heat from the motion of air.
◍ Radiation.
Answer: The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves.
◍ The three methods of mass transport of firebrands are.
Answer: convection, wind, gravity
◍ How many ft in 1 chain?.
Answer: 66 ft
◍ The point to which a combustible material must be heated to produce
self-sustaining combustion is known as the:.
Answer: Ignition temperature
◍ Spotting.
Answer: Fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and
start new fires beyond main fire.
◍ Fireline intensity is dependent upon:.
Answer: All of the above.Fuel sizeFuel moistureFuel temperatureFuel
compactness and arrangement
◍ T/F Two requirements for long range spotting are wind and a well
developed convection column..
Answer: True
◍ Surface Fire.
Answer: Fire that burns service litter, debris, and small vegetation.
◍ A fire that advances through canopies of brush and trees is known as a:.
Answer: Crown fire
◍ Running.
Answer: Fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head.
◍ Creeping.
, Answer: Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly.
◍ Fire is burning in litter on top of the ground, but occasionally carries into the
crowns of individual trees, which produces burning embers that start new
fires outside the fire perimeter..
Answer: Surface fire with torching and spotting.
◍ Smoldering.
Answer: Fire burning without flame and barely spreading.
◍ Crown Fire.
Answer: Fire that advances from top-to-top of trees or shrubs more or less
independently of the surface fire.
◍ Ground Fire.
Answer: Fire that consumes the organic material beneath the surface litter.
◍ Flare-up.
Answer: Sudden acceleration of fire spread or intensity, but of relatively
short duration.
◍ Flaming Front.
Answer: the zone of a moving fire within which combustion is primarily
flaming.
◍ Fire-whirl.
Answer: A spinning, moving column of ascending air rising with in a vortex
and carrying aloft smoke, debris, and flames.
◍ Torching.
Answer: Fire moving from surface fuels into the crowns of individual trees,
but not necessarily from one crown to another.
◍ Topography can directly and indirectly affect fuels and their availability for
combustion..
Answer: True
◍ Fire begins burning into the crowns and spreads through the canopy. There
is a sudden increase in fireline intensity where the fire controls it's
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ T/F Topography can directly and indirectly affect fuels and their availability
for combustion..
Answer: True
◍ Of the three primary environmental factors that influence fire behavior,
which is the least variable?.
Answer: Topography
◍ Seven Wild-land Fire Environment Factors..
Answer: -Terrain - Fuel Characteristic -Fire Triangle -Wind - Fuel Moisture
-Stability - Fuel Temperature
◍ Weather factors relating to wild and fire behavior..
Answer: temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric stability, windspeed
and direction,precipitation
◍ Topographic factors important to woodland fire behavior..
Answer: Elevation, position on slop, aspect, shape of the country, steepness
of slope
◍ The least critical form of heat transfer that influences rate of spread in a
running wild land fire is:.
Answer: Conduction
◍ Fuel Factors important to wild-land fire behavior..
Answer: Fuel loading, size and shape, compactness, horizontal continuity,
vertical continuity, chemical content.
◍ Conduction.
, Answer: The transfer of heat from one molecule to another.
◍ Convection.
Answer: The transfer of heat from the motion of air.
◍ Radiation.
Answer: The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves.
◍ The three methods of mass transport of firebrands are.
Answer: convection, wind, gravity
◍ How many ft in 1 chain?.
Answer: 66 ft
◍ The point to which a combustible material must be heated to produce
self-sustaining combustion is known as the:.
Answer: Ignition temperature
◍ Spotting.
Answer: Fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and
start new fires beyond main fire.
◍ Fireline intensity is dependent upon:.
Answer: All of the above.Fuel sizeFuel moistureFuel temperatureFuel
compactness and arrangement
◍ T/F Two requirements for long range spotting are wind and a well
developed convection column..
Answer: True
◍ Surface Fire.
Answer: Fire that burns service litter, debris, and small vegetation.
◍ A fire that advances through canopies of brush and trees is known as a:.
Answer: Crown fire
◍ Running.
Answer: Fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head.
◍ Creeping.
, Answer: Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly.
◍ Fire is burning in litter on top of the ground, but occasionally carries into the
crowns of individual trees, which produces burning embers that start new
fires outside the fire perimeter..
Answer: Surface fire with torching and spotting.
◍ Smoldering.
Answer: Fire burning without flame and barely spreading.
◍ Crown Fire.
Answer: Fire that advances from top-to-top of trees or shrubs more or less
independently of the surface fire.
◍ Ground Fire.
Answer: Fire that consumes the organic material beneath the surface litter.
◍ Flare-up.
Answer: Sudden acceleration of fire spread or intensity, but of relatively
short duration.
◍ Flaming Front.
Answer: the zone of a moving fire within which combustion is primarily
flaming.
◍ Fire-whirl.
Answer: A spinning, moving column of ascending air rising with in a vortex
and carrying aloft smoke, debris, and flames.
◍ Torching.
Answer: Fire moving from surface fuels into the crowns of individual trees,
but not necessarily from one crown to another.
◍ Topography can directly and indirectly affect fuels and their availability for
combustion..
Answer: True
◍ Fire begins burning into the crowns and spreads through the canopy. There
is a sudden increase in fireline intensity where the fire controls it's
