DR. GRAMLING BUAL 2600 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS |2026/2027 UPDATED |GUARANTEED PASS.
T/F. Errors of non-observation occur when data values are recorded incorrectly. - Answer -false
The 2020 Presidential Election was in November and we saw reports on the percentage of
Americans who were registered to vote in the national. If we wanted to sample all registered to
vote in the national election. If we wanted to sample all registered voters in the United States
and avoid bias, as well as, save time and money, the appropriate sampling method to use would
be: - Answer -Cluster Random Sampling by regions nationwide
T/F. Sampling error occurs because a characteristic of a random sample may not exactly equal
the population characteristic that we are attempting to estimate. - Answer -true
T/F. If we examine some of the population measurements, we are conducting a census of the
population. - Answer -false
T/F. Stratification can at times be combined with multistage cluster sampling to develop an
appropriate sample. - Answer -true
A ________ is a subset of the units in a population. - Answer -sample
1|Page
,what charts are used for qualitative data - Answer -bar charts and pie charts
When developing a frequency distribution, the class (group) intervals must be ________. -
Answer -non-overlapping
what charts are used for quantitative data - Answer -histograms and scatterplots
questions used in survey research - Answer -dichotomous, multiple-choice, open-ended
T/F. bar graphs have a gap in between each category - Answer -true
The number of measurements falling within a class interval is called the - Answer -frequency
The proportion of measurements in a class is called the ________ of that class. - Answer -
relative frequency
T/F.
The relative frequency is the frequency of a class divided by the total number of measurements
- Answer -true
2|Page
, 5 parts of a graph - Answer -title, axis labels, scale at zero, key, data values
a scatterplot displays the relationship between two - Answer -quantitative variables
If a dataset's maximum value is 1500 but the graph only goes to 1000, this is an example of: -
Answer -misleading graphs
T/F. A scatter plot can be used to identify outliers. - Answer -false, they are used to identify the
relationship between two quant. variables
What is the process of displaying large quantities of data in a meaningful way called? - Answer -
data visualization
T/F. When looking at the shape of the distribution using a histogram, a distribution is skewed to
the right when the left tail is shorter than the right tail. - Answer -true
What is it called when we combine graphs (visuals) with predictive analytics? - Answer -visual
analytics
An example of manipulating a graphical display to distort reality is ________. - Answer -
stretching the axes
3|Page
ANSWERS |2026/2027 UPDATED |GUARANTEED PASS.
T/F. Errors of non-observation occur when data values are recorded incorrectly. - Answer -false
The 2020 Presidential Election was in November and we saw reports on the percentage of
Americans who were registered to vote in the national. If we wanted to sample all registered to
vote in the national election. If we wanted to sample all registered voters in the United States
and avoid bias, as well as, save time and money, the appropriate sampling method to use would
be: - Answer -Cluster Random Sampling by regions nationwide
T/F. Sampling error occurs because a characteristic of a random sample may not exactly equal
the population characteristic that we are attempting to estimate. - Answer -true
T/F. If we examine some of the population measurements, we are conducting a census of the
population. - Answer -false
T/F. Stratification can at times be combined with multistage cluster sampling to develop an
appropriate sample. - Answer -true
A ________ is a subset of the units in a population. - Answer -sample
1|Page
,what charts are used for qualitative data - Answer -bar charts and pie charts
When developing a frequency distribution, the class (group) intervals must be ________. -
Answer -non-overlapping
what charts are used for quantitative data - Answer -histograms and scatterplots
questions used in survey research - Answer -dichotomous, multiple-choice, open-ended
T/F. bar graphs have a gap in between each category - Answer -true
The number of measurements falling within a class interval is called the - Answer -frequency
The proportion of measurements in a class is called the ________ of that class. - Answer -
relative frequency
T/F.
The relative frequency is the frequency of a class divided by the total number of measurements
- Answer -true
2|Page
, 5 parts of a graph - Answer -title, axis labels, scale at zero, key, data values
a scatterplot displays the relationship between two - Answer -quantitative variables
If a dataset's maximum value is 1500 but the graph only goes to 1000, this is an example of: -
Answer -misleading graphs
T/F. A scatter plot can be used to identify outliers. - Answer -false, they are used to identify the
relationship between two quant. variables
What is the process of displaying large quantities of data in a meaningful way called? - Answer -
data visualization
T/F. When looking at the shape of the distribution using a histogram, a distribution is skewed to
the right when the left tail is shorter than the right tail. - Answer -true
What is it called when we combine graphs (visuals) with predictive analytics? - Answer -visual
analytics
An example of manipulating a graphical display to distort reality is ________. - Answer -
stretching the axes
3|Page
