Unlock your nursing potential with this NCLEX-style prep and
student success resource. Compiled from student notes and
practice resources — not an official exam.
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# Fundamentals of Nursing Revision Notes – Complete Prep –
2025/2026 Edition | Ultimate Study Guide & Practice
Questions Bundle
---
1. A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change. Which action is an appropriate step to
maintain sterility?
A. Wear sterile gloves and touch only sterile items.
B. Place sterile supplies within 2 inches of the edge of the sterile field.
C. Open sterile packages away from the body after putting on sterile gloves.
D. Keep the sterile field at waist level or above.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is D. Sterile fields should be kept at or above waist level to
prevent contamination. Option A is incorrect because while sterile gloves are used, the nurse should
also touch only sterile items, but this is not the only principle. Option B is wrong because sterile supplies
should be placed at least 1 inch from the edge of the field. Option C is incorrect because sterile packages
should be opened before putting on sterile gloves to prevent contamination. This is a key nursing
fundamentals study guide point for student success in clinical skills.
2. A client is prescribed a 2-gram sodium diet. Which food choice by the client indicates understanding
of the dietary restriction?
,A. A ham sandwich with pickles
B. Baked chicken with steamed broccoli
C. Canned vegetable soup with crackers
D. A cheeseburger with fries
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is B. Baked chicken and steamed broccoli are naturally low in
sodium. Option A is incorrect because ham and pickles are high in sodium. Option C is wrong because
canned soups are typically high in sodium. Option D is incorrect because cheeseburgers and fries are
high in sodium and fat. This nursing study guide emphasizes dietary teaching for cardiovascular health, a
common nursing exam prep topic.
3. A nurse is assessing a client's skin turgor. Which finding indicates dehydration?
A. Skin that is tented when pinched
B. Skin that is moist and warm
C. Skin that is pale and dry
D. Skin that is elastic and returns to normal
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is A. Tenting, or skin that remains pinched, is a sign of decreased
skin turgor and indicates dehydration. Option B is incorrect as moist and warm skin is not a sign of
dehydration. Option C is wrong as pale and dry skin may indicate other conditions. Option D is incorrect
as elastic skin returning to normal is a normal finding. This is a key assessment in any nursing
fundamentals study guide for fluid balance.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection. Which site is most appropriate for
an adult?
A. Dorsogluteal
B. Ventrogluteal
C. Deltoid
D. Vastus lateralis
,💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is B. The ventrogluteal site is the preferred site for IM injections
in adults due to its large muscle mass and lack of major nerves. Option A is incorrect as the dorsogluteal
site is not recommended due to the risk of sciatic nerve injury. Option C is wrong as the deltoid is used
for smaller volumes. Option D is incorrect as the vastus lateralis is preferred for infants and children.
This is a fundamental skill in nursing exam practice.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who is on strict bed rest. Which intervention is most important to prevent
atelectasis?
A. Encourage the client to perform deep breathing and coughing exercises.
B. Turn the client every 2 hours.
C. Provide a high-protein diet.
D. Administer a bronchodilator as prescribed.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is A. Deep breathing and coughing exercises help prevent
atelectasis by promoting lung expansion and clearing secretions. Option B is incorrect as turning helps
prevent pressure ulcers, not atelectasis. Option C is wrong as a high-protein diet promotes wound
healing but does not prevent atelectasis. Option D is incorrect as bronchodilators are not the primary
prevention. This is a key nursing intervention in this nursing revision notes for respiratory care.
6. A nurse is assessing a client's pain. The client rates the pain as an 8 on a 0-10 scale. Which
intervention should the nurse implement first?
A. Administer a PRN analgesic as prescribed.
B. Notify the healthcare provider.
C. Assess the client's vital signs.
D. Use non-pharmacological pain relief measures.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is C. The nurse should first assess the client's vital signs to
evaluate the physiological response to pain and ensure it is safe to administer medication. Option A is
incorrect as assessment should precede administration. Option B is wrong as the provider should be
notified if pain is unrelieved or if there are concerning findings. Option D is wrong as non-
, pharmacological measures can be used but are not the first action. This nursing study guide emphasizes
the importance of a thorough pain assessment for student success.
7. A nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric (NG) tube. What is the correct method to measure the
length of the tube to be inserted?
A. Measure from the nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid process.
B. Measure from the nose to the chin to the umbilicus.
C. Measure from the mouth to the earlobe to the umbilicus.
D. Measure from the nose to the earlobe to the sternal notch.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is A. The standard measurement for NG tube insertion is from the
nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid process. Option B is incorrect as it does not use the correct
landmarks. Option C is incorrect as it starts at the mouth. Option D is incorrect as the xiphoid process is
the correct endpoint. This is a key skill in nursing fundamentals and a common nursing exam practice
question.
8. A nurse is caring for a client who is on fall precautions. Which action is most effective in preventing
falls?
A. Keep the bed in the high position.
B. Ensure the call light is within reach.
C. Restrain the client to prevent movement.
D. Keep the client's room dark to promote sleep.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is B. Ensuring the call light is within reach empowers the client to
call for assistance, reducing the risk of falls. Option A is incorrect as the bed should be in the low
position. Option C is wrong as restraints are a last resort and can increase injury risk. Option D is
incorrect as adequate lighting is important for safety. This is a key patient safety concept in this nursing
study guide for student success.
9. A nurse is providing oral care to an unconscious client. Which action is most important?
student success resource. Compiled from student notes and
practice resources — not an official exam.
---
# Fundamentals of Nursing Revision Notes – Complete Prep –
2025/2026 Edition | Ultimate Study Guide & Practice
Questions Bundle
---
1. A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change. Which action is an appropriate step to
maintain sterility?
A. Wear sterile gloves and touch only sterile items.
B. Place sterile supplies within 2 inches of the edge of the sterile field.
C. Open sterile packages away from the body after putting on sterile gloves.
D. Keep the sterile field at waist level or above.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: D
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is D. Sterile fields should be kept at or above waist level to
prevent contamination. Option A is incorrect because while sterile gloves are used, the nurse should
also touch only sterile items, but this is not the only principle. Option B is wrong because sterile supplies
should be placed at least 1 inch from the edge of the field. Option C is incorrect because sterile packages
should be opened before putting on sterile gloves to prevent contamination. This is a key nursing
fundamentals study guide point for student success in clinical skills.
2. A client is prescribed a 2-gram sodium diet. Which food choice by the client indicates understanding
of the dietary restriction?
,A. A ham sandwich with pickles
B. Baked chicken with steamed broccoli
C. Canned vegetable soup with crackers
D. A cheeseburger with fries
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is B. Baked chicken and steamed broccoli are naturally low in
sodium. Option A is incorrect because ham and pickles are high in sodium. Option C is wrong because
canned soups are typically high in sodium. Option D is incorrect because cheeseburgers and fries are
high in sodium and fat. This nursing study guide emphasizes dietary teaching for cardiovascular health, a
common nursing exam prep topic.
3. A nurse is assessing a client's skin turgor. Which finding indicates dehydration?
A. Skin that is tented when pinched
B. Skin that is moist and warm
C. Skin that is pale and dry
D. Skin that is elastic and returns to normal
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is A. Tenting, or skin that remains pinched, is a sign of decreased
skin turgor and indicates dehydration. Option B is incorrect as moist and warm skin is not a sign of
dehydration. Option C is wrong as pale and dry skin may indicate other conditions. Option D is incorrect
as elastic skin returning to normal is a normal finding. This is a key assessment in any nursing
fundamentals study guide for fluid balance.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection. Which site is most appropriate for
an adult?
A. Dorsogluteal
B. Ventrogluteal
C. Deltoid
D. Vastus lateralis
,💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is B. The ventrogluteal site is the preferred site for IM injections
in adults due to its large muscle mass and lack of major nerves. Option A is incorrect as the dorsogluteal
site is not recommended due to the risk of sciatic nerve injury. Option C is wrong as the deltoid is used
for smaller volumes. Option D is incorrect as the vastus lateralis is preferred for infants and children.
This is a fundamental skill in nursing exam practice.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who is on strict bed rest. Which intervention is most important to prevent
atelectasis?
A. Encourage the client to perform deep breathing and coughing exercises.
B. Turn the client every 2 hours.
C. Provide a high-protein diet.
D. Administer a bronchodilator as prescribed.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is A. Deep breathing and coughing exercises help prevent
atelectasis by promoting lung expansion and clearing secretions. Option B is incorrect as turning helps
prevent pressure ulcers, not atelectasis. Option C is wrong as a high-protein diet promotes wound
healing but does not prevent atelectasis. Option D is incorrect as bronchodilators are not the primary
prevention. This is a key nursing intervention in this nursing revision notes for respiratory care.
6. A nurse is assessing a client's pain. The client rates the pain as an 8 on a 0-10 scale. Which
intervention should the nurse implement first?
A. Administer a PRN analgesic as prescribed.
B. Notify the healthcare provider.
C. Assess the client's vital signs.
D. Use non-pharmacological pain relief measures.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: C
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is C. The nurse should first assess the client's vital signs to
evaluate the physiological response to pain and ensure it is safe to administer medication. Option A is
incorrect as assessment should precede administration. Option B is wrong as the provider should be
notified if pain is unrelieved or if there are concerning findings. Option D is wrong as non-
, pharmacological measures can be used but are not the first action. This nursing study guide emphasizes
the importance of a thorough pain assessment for student success.
7. A nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric (NG) tube. What is the correct method to measure the
length of the tube to be inserted?
A. Measure from the nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid process.
B. Measure from the nose to the chin to the umbilicus.
C. Measure from the mouth to the earlobe to the umbilicus.
D. Measure from the nose to the earlobe to the sternal notch.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: A
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is A. The standard measurement for NG tube insertion is from the
nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid process. Option B is incorrect as it does not use the correct
landmarks. Option C is incorrect as it starts at the mouth. Option D is incorrect as the xiphoid process is
the correct endpoint. This is a key skill in nursing fundamentals and a common nursing exam practice
question.
8. A nurse is caring for a client who is on fall precautions. Which action is most effective in preventing
falls?
A. Keep the bed in the high position.
B. Ensure the call light is within reach.
C. Restrain the client to prevent movement.
D. Keep the client's room dark to promote sleep.
💫ANSWER✔️✔️: B
💫RATIONALE✔️✔️: The correct answer is B. Ensuring the call light is within reach empowers the client to
call for assistance, reducing the risk of falls. Option A is incorrect as the bed should be in the low
position. Option C is wrong as restraints are a last resort and can increase injury risk. Option D is
incorrect as adequate lighting is important for safety. This is a key patient safety concept in this nursing
study guide for student success.
9. A nurse is providing oral care to an unconscious client. Which action is most important?
