CEN Cardiac Review: Emergency Nursing Guide to Acute Coronary Syndromes, Arrhythmias &
Critical Cardiac Care
Atropine has what affect on the heart - ✔✔reverses cholinergic-mediated decrease in heart
rate (increases heart rate)
Describe afterload - ✔✔The pressure the heart must eject against in the aorta measured by
blood pressure, specifically MAP (mean arterial pressure)
Describe Mobitz Type I - ✔✔PR interval gets longer and longer until and QRS complex is
dropped.
Describe Mobitz Type II - ✔✔PR interval remains normal at 0.12 and QRS complex is dropped
Describe preload - ✔✔The amount of blood coming into the heart through the vena cava,
measured as CVP (central venous pressure)
EKG ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Inferior Mi - Right coronary artery
EKG ST elevation in leads V1 and V2 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Septal MI - Left anterior descending coronary artery
EKG ST elevation in leads V1 and V6 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Extensive Anterior - Risk of sudden death - Left main coronary artery
EKG ST elevation in leads V3 and V4 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Anterior MI - Left anterior descending coronary artery
, EKG ST elevation in leads V5 and V6 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Apex MI - Left circumflex coronary artery
EKG ST elevation in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting
which coronary vessel - ✔✔Lateral MI - Left circumflex coronary artery
How do Angiotension Converter Enzymes (ACE inhibitors) affect the cardiac system - What do
you monitor for - ✔✔decrease preload and afterload through vasodilation and diuresis - dry
cough, hyperkalcemia, angioedema
How do chronotropes work - ✔✔Chronotropic drugs may change the heart rate by affecting
the nerves controlling the heart, or by changing the rhythm produced by the sinoatrial node.
How do dromotropes work - ✔✔Dromotropic agent affect the conduction speed in the AV
node and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart
How do inotropes work - ✔✔Inotropic agents alter the force or energy of muscular
contractions
How do Negative chronotropes affect the cardiac system - ✔✔decrease heart rate: change the
rhythm produced by the SA node
How do Negative dromotropes affect the cardiac system - ✔✔decrease automaticity: alters
rate at which electricity moves through the heart
How do Negative inotropes affect the cardiac system - ✔✔decrease contractility: alters the
force or energy of muscular contractions
How do Positive chronotropes affect the cardiac system - ✔✔increase heart rate: change the
rhythm produced by the SA node
Critical Cardiac Care
Atropine has what affect on the heart - ✔✔reverses cholinergic-mediated decrease in heart
rate (increases heart rate)
Describe afterload - ✔✔The pressure the heart must eject against in the aorta measured by
blood pressure, specifically MAP (mean arterial pressure)
Describe Mobitz Type I - ✔✔PR interval gets longer and longer until and QRS complex is
dropped.
Describe Mobitz Type II - ✔✔PR interval remains normal at 0.12 and QRS complex is dropped
Describe preload - ✔✔The amount of blood coming into the heart through the vena cava,
measured as CVP (central venous pressure)
EKG ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Inferior Mi - Right coronary artery
EKG ST elevation in leads V1 and V2 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Septal MI - Left anterior descending coronary artery
EKG ST elevation in leads V1 and V6 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Extensive Anterior - Risk of sudden death - Left main coronary artery
EKG ST elevation in leads V3 and V4 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Anterior MI - Left anterior descending coronary artery
, EKG ST elevation in leads V5 and V6 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting which
coronary vessel - ✔✔Apex MI - Left circumflex coronary artery
EKG ST elevation in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6 suggests a MI in which area of the heart, affecting
which coronary vessel - ✔✔Lateral MI - Left circumflex coronary artery
How do Angiotension Converter Enzymes (ACE inhibitors) affect the cardiac system - What do
you monitor for - ✔✔decrease preload and afterload through vasodilation and diuresis - dry
cough, hyperkalcemia, angioedema
How do chronotropes work - ✔✔Chronotropic drugs may change the heart rate by affecting
the nerves controlling the heart, or by changing the rhythm produced by the sinoatrial node.
How do dromotropes work - ✔✔Dromotropic agent affect the conduction speed in the AV
node and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart
How do inotropes work - ✔✔Inotropic agents alter the force or energy of muscular
contractions
How do Negative chronotropes affect the cardiac system - ✔✔decrease heart rate: change the
rhythm produced by the SA node
How do Negative dromotropes affect the cardiac system - ✔✔decrease automaticity: alters
rate at which electricity moves through the heart
How do Negative inotropes affect the cardiac system - ✔✔decrease contractility: alters the
force or energy of muscular contractions
How do Positive chronotropes affect the cardiac system - ✔✔increase heart rate: change the
rhythm produced by the SA node
