INTERNATIONAL LAW 2026 TEST SCRIPT
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWER DOSSIER
◉ Four Core Crimes
Answer: Aggression, crimes against humanity, genocide, and war
crimes that were prosecuted at the Nuremberg trials.
◉ Non-retroactivity
Answer: The legal concept that an individual cannot be convicted for
acts that were not illegal at the time they were committed.
◉ Retroactive Application of Justice
Answer: Critics argued it was applied after the Holocaust atrocities.
◉ Nuremberg Trials
Answer: Established legal framework for prosecuting war crimes.
◉ International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
Answer: Ad hoc tribunal created to prosecute war crimes in the
Balkans.
◉ International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
, Answer: Ad hoc tribunal established to prosecute genocide and war
crimes in Rwanda.
◉ Voluntary Law & Positivism
Answer: Law viewed as man-made rules created by state consent.
◉ State
Answer: Autonomous entities with international legal personalities.
◉ Sovereignty
Answer: Political authority over internal affairs established by the
Peace of Westphalia.
◉ People vs. Armed Opposition Groups
Answer: 'People' refers to cultural or national communities; 'armed
opposition groups' are non-state actors.
◉ Coordination Problem
Answer: Dilemma where states have incentives to follow a common
rule but disagree on which rule.
◉ Collaboration Problem
Answer: Temptation for states to deviate from joint action.
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWER DOSSIER
◉ Four Core Crimes
Answer: Aggression, crimes against humanity, genocide, and war
crimes that were prosecuted at the Nuremberg trials.
◉ Non-retroactivity
Answer: The legal concept that an individual cannot be convicted for
acts that were not illegal at the time they were committed.
◉ Retroactive Application of Justice
Answer: Critics argued it was applied after the Holocaust atrocities.
◉ Nuremberg Trials
Answer: Established legal framework for prosecuting war crimes.
◉ International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
Answer: Ad hoc tribunal created to prosecute war crimes in the
Balkans.
◉ International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
, Answer: Ad hoc tribunal established to prosecute genocide and war
crimes in Rwanda.
◉ Voluntary Law & Positivism
Answer: Law viewed as man-made rules created by state consent.
◉ State
Answer: Autonomous entities with international legal personalities.
◉ Sovereignty
Answer: Political authority over internal affairs established by the
Peace of Westphalia.
◉ People vs. Armed Opposition Groups
Answer: 'People' refers to cultural or national communities; 'armed
opposition groups' are non-state actors.
◉ Coordination Problem
Answer: Dilemma where states have incentives to follow a common
rule but disagree on which rule.
◉ Collaboration Problem
Answer: Temptation for states to deviate from joint action.
