COA Final Exam Study Guide PDF | Certified Ophthalmic Assistant Certification Review & Practice Questions (2026–2027)

COA_2026 Final Exam




2026-2027

Expert-Verified Questions and Answers


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,Interventions for Hypovolemia: isotonic fluids


Hypovolemic Shock: slow blood flow to body organs, decreases O2


Isotonic: NS & LR
-for FVD


Hypotonic: 1/2 NS
-cell hydration


Hypertonic: D10 & 3% NS
-draw fluid out of cells


S/S of Hyponatremia: -headache
-confusion
-lethargy
-seizures
-N/V
-muscle cramps
-weakness


Interventions for Hyponatremia: -fluid restriction
-isotonic fluids
-monitor sodium
-seizure precautions
-daily weight
-neuro checks


S/S of Hypernatremia: -thirst
-dry mucous membranes
-restlessness
-confusion
-seizures
-muscle twitching


Interventions for Hypernatremia: -monitor neuro
-fluids (hypotonic)
-limit sodium
-monitor I&O/daily weight
-seizure precautions

, S/S of Hypokalemia: -muscle weakness
-fatigue
-shallow respirations
-constipation


Interventions for Hypokalemia: -administer oral/IV potassium (never IV push)
-monitor ECG/potassium
-potassium-rich foods (bananas, avocado, spinach, potatoes)


S/S of Hyperkalemia: -muscle cramps/weakness
-bradycardia
-peaked T waves
-cardiac arrhythmias


Interventions for Hyperkalemia: -give slowly via central line
-monitor ECG
-admin calcium gluconate, insulin/glucose, sodium bicard, loop diuretics or
Kayexalate
-avoid high-potassium foods


S/S of Hypocalcemia: -numbness/tingling (overactive muscles)
-Trosseau's Sign
-Chvosek Sign
-laryngeal spasm


Interventions for Hypocalcemia: -calcium gluconate
-seizure precautions
-vit. D supplements
-monitor ECG/calcium


S/S of Hypercalcemia: -ECG changes
-dysrhythmias
-CARDIAC ARREST


Interventions for Hypercalcemia: -furosemide
-fluids
-mobility
-monitor ECG


S/S of Hypomagnesemia: -tremors
-increased reflexes
-tachycardia
-confusion
-ECG changes