NURS 611 Exam 2 Pathology Review
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Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body
resources - Answer: Parasympathetic nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
- Answer: Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
,how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system
(SNS) - Answer: blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow
to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - Answer: focal or diffuse (aka
multifocal)
focal brain injuries - Answer: specific, grossly observable brain lesions
that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - Answer: include brain injury due to hypoxia,
meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause
collateral dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus
polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - Answer: affected at the t5-t6 level or above;
characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a
pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the
lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection
caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
,location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - Answer:
individual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or
above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia -
Answer: bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node.
The intact ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that
increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the
carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The
heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not
dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
Alzheimer's disease - Answer: leading cause of dementia and one of the
most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - Answer: age,
family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease -
Answer: low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause,
NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
, what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD -
Answer: PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP
(amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - Answer: postmortem
examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - Answer: hypertension
(87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - Answer: arterial HTN, insulin
resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein
(HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive
heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia
and thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high
sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg,
smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a
bacterial/viral infection such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) -
Answer: Guillain-Barre syndrome
Questions and Answers 100%
Correct Maryville University of Saint
Louis
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
• Proctored Exam Assistance
• Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
• Exam Preparation & Study Materials
• Assignments and Coursework Support
• Essay and Research Paper Writing
• Discussion Posts & Responses
• Editing and Proofreading
• Confidential Academic Consultation
Helping Students Achieve Academic Excellence
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body
resources - Answer: Parasympathetic nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
- Answer: Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
,how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system
(SNS) - Answer: blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow
to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - Answer: focal or diffuse (aka
multifocal)
focal brain injuries - Answer: specific, grossly observable brain lesions
that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - Answer: include brain injury due to hypoxia,
meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause
collateral dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus
polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - Answer: affected at the t5-t6 level or above;
characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a
pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the
lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection
caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
,location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - Answer:
individual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or
above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia -
Answer: bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node.
The intact ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that
increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the
carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The
heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not
dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
Alzheimer's disease - Answer: leading cause of dementia and one of the
most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - Answer: age,
family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease -
Answer: low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause,
NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
, what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD -
Answer: PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP
(amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - Answer: postmortem
examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - Answer: hypertension
(87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - Answer: arterial HTN, insulin
resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein
(HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive
heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia
and thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high
sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg,
smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a
bacterial/viral infection such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) -
Answer: Guillain-Barre syndrome
