BIO 1503 LAB FINAL (LECTURES) QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Genes that are "well conserved" tend to be essential for _____________ of an
organisms and are therefore ____________ across a wide variety of species; They also
tend to have reduced ____________ meaning we can more easily align them and feel
confident we are comparing homologous DNA positions - Answers - survival
retained
mutations
Basic definition of evolution - Answers - change in allele frequency of a population over
time
What can change the frequency of alleles in a population? - Answers - random chance
(pure luck)
natural selection (one allele is more favored in natural conditions)
Natural Selection - Answers - process by which organisms better adapt to their
environment and therefore survive better and produce more offpsring
requirement for natural selection - Answers - population must be reproducing
offspring must inherit traits from parents
must be variation in traits
traits must have varying fitness
the evolutionary development of diversification of a group of organisms - Answers -
phylogenesis
phylogeny - Answers - the pattern of relatedness among evolutionary units
Myth of Evolution - Answers - Humans aren't the most advanced, we are just adapted to
our environment
Evolution is a "march of progress"
graphical representation of phylogenetic relationships - Answers - Phylogenetic tree
the principle that things will often behave in the simplest way - Answers - Parsimony
the ________ _____________ two species share a common ancestor, the more closely
related they are - Answers - more recently
Fungi are more closely related to ____________ - Answers - animals
, what do animals and fungi have incommon - Answers - heterotrophs
achlorophyllous
posterior flagella
Fungal Traits:
Usually reproduce via __________
have __________ nutrition
Cell walls are made of _____________
Multicellular fungi are _____________ - Answers - spores
absorptive (secrete enzymes to break down matter and absorb)
chitin (same as insect exoskeletons)
filamentous
A symbiotic organism is comprised of a ___________ and a _________________
partner - Answers - fungus
photosynthetic
the photosynthetic component of a symbiotic organism - Answers - Photobiont
Most known fungal diversity is in the two phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota which
together are called the _____________ - Answers - Dikarya
most ____________ are in the Basidiomycota, but also contains some yeasts and plant
pathogens
Named because they produce spores on a _______________ (pedestal) - Answers -
mushrooms
basidium
Many _____________ fungi (molds, yeasts, lichenized fungi) are in Ascomycota, but
also macroscopic ____________ bodies (edibles)
Named because they produce spores in an ________ (sac) - Answers - microscopic
fruiting bodies
ascus
Ascomycota contains _0,000 of the 150,000 - Answers - 90,000
Ascomycota subphylum with mostly fruiting bodies and filamentous molds - Answers -
Pezizomycotina
Ascomycota subphylum with mostly yeasts - Answers - Saccharomycotina
Ascomycota subphylum with mostly oddballs (most morphologically diverse) - Answers -
Taphrinomycotina
Background of Methods section - Answers - study set-up, species description, set the
stage
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Genes that are "well conserved" tend to be essential for _____________ of an
organisms and are therefore ____________ across a wide variety of species; They also
tend to have reduced ____________ meaning we can more easily align them and feel
confident we are comparing homologous DNA positions - Answers - survival
retained
mutations
Basic definition of evolution - Answers - change in allele frequency of a population over
time
What can change the frequency of alleles in a population? - Answers - random chance
(pure luck)
natural selection (one allele is more favored in natural conditions)
Natural Selection - Answers - process by which organisms better adapt to their
environment and therefore survive better and produce more offpsring
requirement for natural selection - Answers - population must be reproducing
offspring must inherit traits from parents
must be variation in traits
traits must have varying fitness
the evolutionary development of diversification of a group of organisms - Answers -
phylogenesis
phylogeny - Answers - the pattern of relatedness among evolutionary units
Myth of Evolution - Answers - Humans aren't the most advanced, we are just adapted to
our environment
Evolution is a "march of progress"
graphical representation of phylogenetic relationships - Answers - Phylogenetic tree
the principle that things will often behave in the simplest way - Answers - Parsimony
the ________ _____________ two species share a common ancestor, the more closely
related they are - Answers - more recently
Fungi are more closely related to ____________ - Answers - animals
, what do animals and fungi have incommon - Answers - heterotrophs
achlorophyllous
posterior flagella
Fungal Traits:
Usually reproduce via __________
have __________ nutrition
Cell walls are made of _____________
Multicellular fungi are _____________ - Answers - spores
absorptive (secrete enzymes to break down matter and absorb)
chitin (same as insect exoskeletons)
filamentous
A symbiotic organism is comprised of a ___________ and a _________________
partner - Answers - fungus
photosynthetic
the photosynthetic component of a symbiotic organism - Answers - Photobiont
Most known fungal diversity is in the two phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota which
together are called the _____________ - Answers - Dikarya
most ____________ are in the Basidiomycota, but also contains some yeasts and plant
pathogens
Named because they produce spores on a _______________ (pedestal) - Answers -
mushrooms
basidium
Many _____________ fungi (molds, yeasts, lichenized fungi) are in Ascomycota, but
also macroscopic ____________ bodies (edibles)
Named because they produce spores in an ________ (sac) - Answers - microscopic
fruiting bodies
ascus
Ascomycota contains _0,000 of the 150,000 - Answers - 90,000
Ascomycota subphylum with mostly fruiting bodies and filamentous molds - Answers -
Pezizomycotina
Ascomycota subphylum with mostly yeasts - Answers - Saccharomycotina
Ascomycota subphylum with mostly oddballs (most morphologically diverse) - Answers -
Taphrinomycotina
Background of Methods section - Answers - study set-up, species description, set the
stage
