NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW
NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
What 2 unique properties do RBC's have? ANS >> 1. Biconcave
shape
2. Capacity to be reversibly deformed
What does the flattened, biconcave shape of an RBC provide?
ANS >> A surface area/ volume ratio that’s optimal for gas
diffusion into and out of the cell
How does the RBCs reversible deformity allow for the
erythrocyte? ANS >> To assume a more compact torpedo-like
shape, squeeze through microcirculation, and return to normal
What is haemoglobin synthesis very dependent on? ANS >>
Nutritional intake
,NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW
Name two of the most important nutrients for haemoglobin
synthesis? ANS >> -Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
-Iron
What are the values of iron for male and females? ANS >> Male:
16
Female: 14
What makes the iron cycle possible? ANS >> Transferrin
What is transferrin? ANS >> Plasma Carrier
Explain the process of the iron cycle: ANS >> 1. Tissue
macrophages (mostly in spleen) break down ingested
erythrocytes
2. Break down ingested erythrocytes
3. Return iron to the bloodstream directly or after storing it
What are leukocytes and what two things do they do? ANS >> -
WBCs
1.Defends the body against microorganisms that cause infection
2. Remove debris (dead/injured cells)
,NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW
What do leukocytes primarily act in? Where are they
transported? ANS >> The tissues but are transported in the
circulation
How many leukocytes does the average adult have? ANS >> 5-
10k leukocytes/mm3 of blood
What is the most numerous and best understood of the
granulocytes? ANS >> Neutrophils (PMN)
What are immature neutrophils called? ANS >> bands or stabs
What are mature neutrophils called? ANS >> segmented
neutrophils b/c of the appearance of their nucleus
What happens when the demand for circulating mature
neutrophils exceeds the supply? ANS >> Marrow begins to
release immature neutrophils in the blood
What are responsible for "shift-to-the-left" or leukemoid
reaction? (2) ANS >> 1. Premature release of immature white
cells
, NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW
2. Systemic signs of infection such as fever
What is anaemia? ANS >> 1. A reduction in the total number of
erythrocytes in the circulating blood
2. A decrease in the quality or quantity of haemoglobin
What 4 things usually cause anaemia? ANS >> 1. Impaired
erythrocyte production
2. Blood loss (acute or chronic)
3. Increased erythrocyte destruction
4. Combo of all these
What 2 things happen in megaloblastic anaemia? ANS >> 1. Cells
are challenged to make DNA
2. RNA production proceeds normally
What are characteristics of megaloblastic anaemia (3)? ANS >> 1.
Cells have slow-maturing nuclei
2. Normal maturing cytoplasm
3. Megaloblastic erythroid precursors that grow large before the
larger nuclei becomes mature enough to signal division
NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
What 2 unique properties do RBC's have? ANS >> 1. Biconcave
shape
2. Capacity to be reversibly deformed
What does the flattened, biconcave shape of an RBC provide?
ANS >> A surface area/ volume ratio that’s optimal for gas
diffusion into and out of the cell
How does the RBCs reversible deformity allow for the
erythrocyte? ANS >> To assume a more compact torpedo-like
shape, squeeze through microcirculation, and return to normal
What is haemoglobin synthesis very dependent on? ANS >>
Nutritional intake
,NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW
Name two of the most important nutrients for haemoglobin
synthesis? ANS >> -Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
-Iron
What are the values of iron for male and females? ANS >> Male:
16
Female: 14
What makes the iron cycle possible? ANS >> Transferrin
What is transferrin? ANS >> Plasma Carrier
Explain the process of the iron cycle: ANS >> 1. Tissue
macrophages (mostly in spleen) break down ingested
erythrocytes
2. Break down ingested erythrocytes
3. Return iron to the bloodstream directly or after storing it
What are leukocytes and what two things do they do? ANS >> -
WBCs
1.Defends the body against microorganisms that cause infection
2. Remove debris (dead/injured cells)
,NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW
What do leukocytes primarily act in? Where are they
transported? ANS >> The tissues but are transported in the
circulation
How many leukocytes does the average adult have? ANS >> 5-
10k leukocytes/mm3 of blood
What is the most numerous and best understood of the
granulocytes? ANS >> Neutrophils (PMN)
What are immature neutrophils called? ANS >> bands or stabs
What are mature neutrophils called? ANS >> segmented
neutrophils b/c of the appearance of their nucleus
What happens when the demand for circulating mature
neutrophils exceeds the supply? ANS >> Marrow begins to
release immature neutrophils in the blood
What are responsible for "shift-to-the-left" or leukemoid
reaction? (2) ANS >> 1. Premature release of immature white
cells
, NUR 611 EXAM 3 REVIEW
2. Systemic signs of infection such as fever
What is anaemia? ANS >> 1. A reduction in the total number of
erythrocytes in the circulating blood
2. A decrease in the quality or quantity of haemoglobin
What 4 things usually cause anaemia? ANS >> 1. Impaired
erythrocyte production
2. Blood loss (acute or chronic)
3. Increased erythrocyte destruction
4. Combo of all these
What 2 things happen in megaloblastic anaemia? ANS >> 1. Cells
are challenged to make DNA
2. RNA production proceeds normally
What are characteristics of megaloblastic anaemia (3)? ANS >> 1.
Cells have slow-maturing nuclei
2. Normal maturing cytoplasm
3. Megaloblastic erythroid precursors that grow large before the
larger nuclei becomes mature enough to signal division
