PNB 2275 Lab Practical I Exam ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Blood is a type of __ tissue that is able to regenerate itself on a regular basis - CORRECT
ANSWER connective
If you spin a blood sample in a centrifuge on top is __, which makes up about __% of blood. -
CORRECT ANSWER Plasma; 55%
It is mainly consisting of water and also proteins and other dissolved solutes, such as urea, salts, and
organic nutrients. - CORRECT ANSWER plasma
If you spin a blood sample in a centrifuge, the middle layer is a grey-white layer, called a __. -
CORRECT ANSWER buffy coat
This layer contains platelets and various WBCs (leukocytes) - CORRECT ANSWER buffy coat
If you spin a blood sample in a centrifuge, the bottom layer consists of __ and is about __% of the
blood. - CORRECT ANSWER red blood cells (erythrocytes); 44%
Collectively, the __ & __ are called the "formed elements". - CORRECT
ANSWER erythrocytes & the buffy coat
help initiate immune responses and defend the body against pathogens - CORRECT
ANSWER WBCs
How much bigger or smaller are WBCs compared to RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER They are
about 1.5-3x larger than RBCs.
WBCs are/are not motile - CORRECT ANSWER ARE motile
WBCs are mostly found in the __ rather than the __ - CORRECT ANSWER body tissues rather
than the blood stream
,What are the 5 different types of WBCs - CORRECT ANSWER Neutrophils, Lymphocytes,
Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas)
How do you view all of the components of blood? - CORRECT ANSWER by preparing a blood
smear slide
What are the two major classes of leukocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER granulocytes &
agranulocytes
Which leukocytes are granulocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER the phils! -> neutrophils,
eosinophils, basophils
Which leukocytes are agranulocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER A Little Monkey -> lymphocytes
& monocytes
When viewed under the microscope, granulocytes have visible microscopic __ in the cytoplasm. -
CORRECT ANSWER granules
__ are the most abundant WBC type and their nuclei are __. - CORRECT
ANSWER Neutrophils; multi-lobed
have red-pink granules in their cytoplasm and their nuclei are __. - CORRECT
ANSWER Eosinophils; bi-lobed nuclei with two lobes connected by a strand
These make up about 2-4% of leukocytes, second most common. - CORRECT
ANSWER Eosinophils
Eosinophilia (an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood) is likely to come from a patient
with __. - CORRECT ANSWER an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
__ are the least numerous type of leukocyte. They also have __ nuclei & blue-violet __ - CORRECT
ANSWER Basophils; bi-lobed nuclei; granules
,Agranulocytes do/do not have granules in their cytoplasm/ - CORRECT ANSWER Technically
they still have granules in their cytoplasm, but they are much smaller so they are often over-looked.
__ have large, round nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER Lymphocytes
__ have kidney-shaped nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER Monocytes
This disease is inherited and is caused by a single point mutation in the gene for the Hb beta chain. -
CORRECT ANSWER Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is inherited and is caused by a single __ mutation in the gene for the Hb __ chain,
causing the cells to adopt a sickle shape and not be able to carry as much oxygen. - CORRECT
ANSWER caused by a single POINT mutation in the gene for the Hb BETA chain
What is the point mutation that causes sickle cell anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER GAG ->
GUG, which is a valine amino acid, rather than a glutamic acid
a higher density of RBCs is characteristic of __ - CORRECT ANSWER polycythemia
The elevated proportion of RBCs in polycythemia is result of either __ or __ - CORRECT
ANSWER the result of either an increase in the number of RBCs or a decrease in blood plasma
volume
Polycythemia can be a dangerous condition when the blood becomes too __ and can result in __ & __.
- CORRECT ANSWER viscous; high blood pressure & clots
Primary polycythemia is a rare caused by __. - CORRECT ANSWER factors intrinsic to RBC
precursors found in bone marrow (Hormones like erythropoietin can increase production of
erythrocytes. Chronic hypoxia and steroid hormones such as testosterone can also contribute to
polycythemia.)
Blood doping is an example of transfusional __ - CORRECT ANSWER polycythemia
, This is a widespread viral disease characterized by fever, sore throat, and fatigue. - CORRECT
ANSWER Infectious mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis is most commonly caused by the __ virus - CORRECT
ANSWER Epstein-Barr
Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by atypical __ - CORRECT
ANSWER LYMPHOCYTES -> • When the disease was first characterized, clinicians
misidentified those atypical lymphocytes as monocytes and thus gave the disease the misleading name
of mononucleosis.
Infectious mononucleosis' histological phenotype is reactive or a-typical __ that are smaller/larger
than regular lymphocytes with abnormal shaped __. Cells also have __. - CORRECT
ANSWER Its histological phenotype is reactive or a-typical lymphocytes that are larger than
regular lymphocytes with abnormal shaped nuclei. Cells also have "cytoplasmic skirting".
Leukemia is characterized by unregulated overproduction of __. Very large numbers of cells are
released from __ and found circulating in the blood. - CORRECT ANSWER immature
leukocytes; bone marrow
Leukemia is defined by __ - CORRECT ANSWER the types of cells involved
Myelogenous leukemia effects __ in the bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWER myeloid cells
lymphocytic leukemia effects _ - CORRECT ANSWER lymphocytes
a molecule that elicits the production of antibodies as part of the immune response (antibody
generator) - CORRECT ANSWER Antigens
are what your body produces to fight off any cell that is not "marked" as yours - CORRECT
ANSWER Antibodies
what is the shape of an antibody? - CORRECT ANSWER Y-shaped
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Blood is a type of __ tissue that is able to regenerate itself on a regular basis - CORRECT
ANSWER connective
If you spin a blood sample in a centrifuge on top is __, which makes up about __% of blood. -
CORRECT ANSWER Plasma; 55%
It is mainly consisting of water and also proteins and other dissolved solutes, such as urea, salts, and
organic nutrients. - CORRECT ANSWER plasma
If you spin a blood sample in a centrifuge, the middle layer is a grey-white layer, called a __. -
CORRECT ANSWER buffy coat
This layer contains platelets and various WBCs (leukocytes) - CORRECT ANSWER buffy coat
If you spin a blood sample in a centrifuge, the bottom layer consists of __ and is about __% of the
blood. - CORRECT ANSWER red blood cells (erythrocytes); 44%
Collectively, the __ & __ are called the "formed elements". - CORRECT
ANSWER erythrocytes & the buffy coat
help initiate immune responses and defend the body against pathogens - CORRECT
ANSWER WBCs
How much bigger or smaller are WBCs compared to RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER They are
about 1.5-3x larger than RBCs.
WBCs are/are not motile - CORRECT ANSWER ARE motile
WBCs are mostly found in the __ rather than the __ - CORRECT ANSWER body tissues rather
than the blood stream
,What are the 5 different types of WBCs - CORRECT ANSWER Neutrophils, Lymphocytes,
Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas)
How do you view all of the components of blood? - CORRECT ANSWER by preparing a blood
smear slide
What are the two major classes of leukocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER granulocytes &
agranulocytes
Which leukocytes are granulocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER the phils! -> neutrophils,
eosinophils, basophils
Which leukocytes are agranulocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER A Little Monkey -> lymphocytes
& monocytes
When viewed under the microscope, granulocytes have visible microscopic __ in the cytoplasm. -
CORRECT ANSWER granules
__ are the most abundant WBC type and their nuclei are __. - CORRECT
ANSWER Neutrophils; multi-lobed
have red-pink granules in their cytoplasm and their nuclei are __. - CORRECT
ANSWER Eosinophils; bi-lobed nuclei with two lobes connected by a strand
These make up about 2-4% of leukocytes, second most common. - CORRECT
ANSWER Eosinophils
Eosinophilia (an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood) is likely to come from a patient
with __. - CORRECT ANSWER an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
__ are the least numerous type of leukocyte. They also have __ nuclei & blue-violet __ - CORRECT
ANSWER Basophils; bi-lobed nuclei; granules
,Agranulocytes do/do not have granules in their cytoplasm/ - CORRECT ANSWER Technically
they still have granules in their cytoplasm, but they are much smaller so they are often over-looked.
__ have large, round nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER Lymphocytes
__ have kidney-shaped nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER Monocytes
This disease is inherited and is caused by a single point mutation in the gene for the Hb beta chain. -
CORRECT ANSWER Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is inherited and is caused by a single __ mutation in the gene for the Hb __ chain,
causing the cells to adopt a sickle shape and not be able to carry as much oxygen. - CORRECT
ANSWER caused by a single POINT mutation in the gene for the Hb BETA chain
What is the point mutation that causes sickle cell anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER GAG ->
GUG, which is a valine amino acid, rather than a glutamic acid
a higher density of RBCs is characteristic of __ - CORRECT ANSWER polycythemia
The elevated proportion of RBCs in polycythemia is result of either __ or __ - CORRECT
ANSWER the result of either an increase in the number of RBCs or a decrease in blood plasma
volume
Polycythemia can be a dangerous condition when the blood becomes too __ and can result in __ & __.
- CORRECT ANSWER viscous; high blood pressure & clots
Primary polycythemia is a rare caused by __. - CORRECT ANSWER factors intrinsic to RBC
precursors found in bone marrow (Hormones like erythropoietin can increase production of
erythrocytes. Chronic hypoxia and steroid hormones such as testosterone can also contribute to
polycythemia.)
Blood doping is an example of transfusional __ - CORRECT ANSWER polycythemia
, This is a widespread viral disease characterized by fever, sore throat, and fatigue. - CORRECT
ANSWER Infectious mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis is most commonly caused by the __ virus - CORRECT
ANSWER Epstein-Barr
Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by atypical __ - CORRECT
ANSWER LYMPHOCYTES -> • When the disease was first characterized, clinicians
misidentified those atypical lymphocytes as monocytes and thus gave the disease the misleading name
of mononucleosis.
Infectious mononucleosis' histological phenotype is reactive or a-typical __ that are smaller/larger
than regular lymphocytes with abnormal shaped __. Cells also have __. - CORRECT
ANSWER Its histological phenotype is reactive or a-typical lymphocytes that are larger than
regular lymphocytes with abnormal shaped nuclei. Cells also have "cytoplasmic skirting".
Leukemia is characterized by unregulated overproduction of __. Very large numbers of cells are
released from __ and found circulating in the blood. - CORRECT ANSWER immature
leukocytes; bone marrow
Leukemia is defined by __ - CORRECT ANSWER the types of cells involved
Myelogenous leukemia effects __ in the bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWER myeloid cells
lymphocytic leukemia effects _ - CORRECT ANSWER lymphocytes
a molecule that elicits the production of antibodies as part of the immune response (antibody
generator) - CORRECT ANSWER Antigens
are what your body produces to fight off any cell that is not "marked" as yours - CORRECT
ANSWER Antibodies
what is the shape of an antibody? - CORRECT ANSWER Y-shaped
