Nurs 5315 UTA Exam 1 Questions and
Answers
1. Atrophy: E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
2. Hypertrophy: E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
3. Hyperplasia: E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
4. Dysplasia: E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly
proliferation Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
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, 5. Metaplasia: E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
6. Hypoxia injury: E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism.
eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
7. Free radical and ROS: E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the
mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
8. Ethanol: E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of
liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible
9. Oncosis: Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in weight, becomes
distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
2/
12
Answers
1. Atrophy: E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
2. Hypertrophy: E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
3. Hyperplasia: E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
4. Dysplasia: E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly
proliferation Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
1/
12
, 5. Metaplasia: E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
6. Hypoxia injury: E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism.
eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
7. Free radical and ROS: E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the
mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
8. Ethanol: E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of
liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible
9. Oncosis: Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in weight, becomes
distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
2/
12
