HUMAN NUTRITION UPDATED TEST 3 ACTUAL
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ To prevent spoilage/ rancidity of unsaturated fatty acids:
Answer: 1.) Store tightly covered
2.) Refrigerate
3.) Add antioxidants
4.) Hydrogenate: Make saturated
◉ Hydrogenated Oils:
Answer: - Margarine, shortening (Crisco)
- Use polyunsaturated oil
- Hydrogen forced into oil
- Hydrogenate ===> Makes it spreadable
- Oil gets harder
- More saturated than original oil
◉ Hydrogenated Oils ==> Properties:
Answer: - Easy to handle
- Stores well (Prevents rancidity)
,- High smoking point (Good for frying)
- PRODUCES *TRANS* FATTY ACIDS!!!
◉ Health Dangers of Excessive Trans Fatty Acid:
Answer: - Increases risk for heart disease
-- Raises blood cholesterol
-- Current intake is ~3% of total kcals
- Now on food labels
◉ Minimize Intake of Trans Fat ==> Limit Use of:
Answer: - Hydrogenated fats
- Deep- fried foods
- High fat baked goods
- Non- dairy creamers
◉ Essential Fatty Acids
Answer: - Body can only make double bonds in certain locations of a
fatty acid
- Needed for immune function, vision, cell membrane, and
production of hormone- like compounds
◉ Essential Substance
,Answer: - A substance that, when left out of a diet, leads to signs of
poor health
- Add back, reverses condition
- Specific biological function
◉ Omega - 3 Fatty Acid
Answer: - Primarily form fish oil
- Also found in canola or soybean oil
- Recommend intake of ~2 servings of fish per week
◉ Omega - 6 Fatty Acid
Answer: - Found in vegetable oils
- Only need a tablespoon a day
◉ The Different Effects ==> Arachidonic Acid (Omega - 6)
Answer: - Increase blood clot
- Increase inflammatory responses
◉ The Different Effects ==> DHA, EPA (Omega - 3)
Answer: - Decrease blood clotting
- Reduces heart attack
- Excess may cause hemorrhagic stroke
, - Large amounts may decrease inflammation pain with rheumatoid
arthritis
◉ Sources of Omega - 3 Fatty Acids:
Answer: - Salmon, mackerel, herring, trout, tuna
- Oyster
- Non- fish sources (Flaxseed, canola, soy oils, walnuts, beans/ peas)
◉ Cholesterol
Answer: - A multi- ringed structure
- Does not have a glycerol backbone
- Waxy substance
- Does not readily dissolve in water
- Cholesterol is a sterol
◉ Functions of Cholesterol:
Answer: - Essential component of cell membrane
- Produced by the liver
- Found only in animal products
- Forms important hormones (Estrogen, testosterone, Vitamin D)
- Precursor to bile acids (Helps with fat digestion)
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ To prevent spoilage/ rancidity of unsaturated fatty acids:
Answer: 1.) Store tightly covered
2.) Refrigerate
3.) Add antioxidants
4.) Hydrogenate: Make saturated
◉ Hydrogenated Oils:
Answer: - Margarine, shortening (Crisco)
- Use polyunsaturated oil
- Hydrogen forced into oil
- Hydrogenate ===> Makes it spreadable
- Oil gets harder
- More saturated than original oil
◉ Hydrogenated Oils ==> Properties:
Answer: - Easy to handle
- Stores well (Prevents rancidity)
,- High smoking point (Good for frying)
- PRODUCES *TRANS* FATTY ACIDS!!!
◉ Health Dangers of Excessive Trans Fatty Acid:
Answer: - Increases risk for heart disease
-- Raises blood cholesterol
-- Current intake is ~3% of total kcals
- Now on food labels
◉ Minimize Intake of Trans Fat ==> Limit Use of:
Answer: - Hydrogenated fats
- Deep- fried foods
- High fat baked goods
- Non- dairy creamers
◉ Essential Fatty Acids
Answer: - Body can only make double bonds in certain locations of a
fatty acid
- Needed for immune function, vision, cell membrane, and
production of hormone- like compounds
◉ Essential Substance
,Answer: - A substance that, when left out of a diet, leads to signs of
poor health
- Add back, reverses condition
- Specific biological function
◉ Omega - 3 Fatty Acid
Answer: - Primarily form fish oil
- Also found in canola or soybean oil
- Recommend intake of ~2 servings of fish per week
◉ Omega - 6 Fatty Acid
Answer: - Found in vegetable oils
- Only need a tablespoon a day
◉ The Different Effects ==> Arachidonic Acid (Omega - 6)
Answer: - Increase blood clot
- Increase inflammatory responses
◉ The Different Effects ==> DHA, EPA (Omega - 3)
Answer: - Decrease blood clotting
- Reduces heart attack
- Excess may cause hemorrhagic stroke
, - Large amounts may decrease inflammation pain with rheumatoid
arthritis
◉ Sources of Omega - 3 Fatty Acids:
Answer: - Salmon, mackerel, herring, trout, tuna
- Oyster
- Non- fish sources (Flaxseed, canola, soy oils, walnuts, beans/ peas)
◉ Cholesterol
Answer: - A multi- ringed structure
- Does not have a glycerol backbone
- Waxy substance
- Does not readily dissolve in water
- Cholesterol is a sterol
◉ Functions of Cholesterol:
Answer: - Essential component of cell membrane
- Produced by the liver
- Found only in animal products
- Forms important hormones (Estrogen, testosterone, Vitamin D)
- Precursor to bile acids (Helps with fat digestion)
