PSYC 2150 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Introspectionism - Answers - description of contents of consciousness
Behaviorism - Answers - observables ; simplicity
What is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment? - Answers - meat powder /
food
What is the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment? - Answers - bell
What is the conditioned response in Pavlov's experiment? - Answers - salivation
S-R Theory - Answers - CS => CR replaces US => UR
S-S Theory - Answers - -Internal representation
- CS => US => CR/UR
- HIGHER ORDER CONDITIONING
Higher Order Conditioning - Answers - S-S Theory
(explain perfume experiment)
Operant Conditioning - Answers - a response that elicits certain positive or negative
consequences
Fixed Ratio - Answers - - consistent ratio
- fixed time intervals
- steady response
- easy to extinguish
T/F : Fixed things are easier to extinguish - Answers - True
Variable Ratio - Answers - - set ratio of number of responses/reinforcers
- varies time wise when you get them
- rapid response
- hard to extinguish
Fixed Interval - Answers - - first response after a specific amount of time since the last
reinforcement
- little response until just before reinforcement, then rapid response
- fairly easy to extinguish
, Variable Interval - Answers - - first response after a some amount of time since the
last reinforcement
- amount of time can vary, locally
- steady response
- hard to extinguish
Positive Reinforcement - Answers - - add to environment
- increases probability of doing task
- ex - food
Negative Reinforcement - Answers - - take away from environment
- increases probability of doing task
- ex - escape ; doesn't have to do chores
Positive Punishment - Answers - - add to environment
- decreases probability of doing task
- ex - spanking
Negative Punishment - Answers - - take away from environment
- decreases probability of doing task
- ex - no tv ; being grounded
Differential Reinforcement - Answers - two signs at once
- ex - bar and red light
Temporal Contingency - Answers - - effective in operant conditioning
- minimal delay between act and reinforcer is key
Premack Principle : Behavioral Regulation - Answers - - candy vs pinball experiment
- anything can be work/reward depending on situation
What part of the scientific method do introspectionists fail at? - Answers - Testing
What part of the scientific method do behaviorists fail at? - Answers - Theorizing
["observables only" was too restrictive]
Critical Period in humans - Answers - learning a new language stints after puberty
Fixed action pattern - Answers - a complex behavior that emerges, full-blown, with little
opportunity for practice or reward
Behaviorist account for language - Answers - Language is shaped
* Wrong because they forgot that language is generative -- everything is novel, nothing
old to base it off of *
ANSWERS
Introspectionism - Answers - description of contents of consciousness
Behaviorism - Answers - observables ; simplicity
What is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment? - Answers - meat powder /
food
What is the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment? - Answers - bell
What is the conditioned response in Pavlov's experiment? - Answers - salivation
S-R Theory - Answers - CS => CR replaces US => UR
S-S Theory - Answers - -Internal representation
- CS => US => CR/UR
- HIGHER ORDER CONDITIONING
Higher Order Conditioning - Answers - S-S Theory
(explain perfume experiment)
Operant Conditioning - Answers - a response that elicits certain positive or negative
consequences
Fixed Ratio - Answers - - consistent ratio
- fixed time intervals
- steady response
- easy to extinguish
T/F : Fixed things are easier to extinguish - Answers - True
Variable Ratio - Answers - - set ratio of number of responses/reinforcers
- varies time wise when you get them
- rapid response
- hard to extinguish
Fixed Interval - Answers - - first response after a specific amount of time since the last
reinforcement
- little response until just before reinforcement, then rapid response
- fairly easy to extinguish
, Variable Interval - Answers - - first response after a some amount of time since the
last reinforcement
- amount of time can vary, locally
- steady response
- hard to extinguish
Positive Reinforcement - Answers - - add to environment
- increases probability of doing task
- ex - food
Negative Reinforcement - Answers - - take away from environment
- increases probability of doing task
- ex - escape ; doesn't have to do chores
Positive Punishment - Answers - - add to environment
- decreases probability of doing task
- ex - spanking
Negative Punishment - Answers - - take away from environment
- decreases probability of doing task
- ex - no tv ; being grounded
Differential Reinforcement - Answers - two signs at once
- ex - bar and red light
Temporal Contingency - Answers - - effective in operant conditioning
- minimal delay between act and reinforcer is key
Premack Principle : Behavioral Regulation - Answers - - candy vs pinball experiment
- anything can be work/reward depending on situation
What part of the scientific method do introspectionists fail at? - Answers - Testing
What part of the scientific method do behaviorists fail at? - Answers - Theorizing
["observables only" was too restrictive]
Critical Period in humans - Answers - learning a new language stints after puberty
Fixed action pattern - Answers - a complex behavior that emerges, full-blown, with little
opportunity for practice or reward
Behaviorist account for language - Answers - Language is shaped
* Wrong because they forgot that language is generative -- everything is novel, nothing
old to base it off of *
