CAMPBELL BIOLOGY STUDY SHEET 2026
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXPERT
VERIFIED
◉Golgi apparatus. Answer: A system of membranes that modifies
and packages proteins for export by the cell. Has cis and trans faces.
◉Lysosome. Answer: membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that
can digest macromolecules
◉Autophagy. Answer: A process in which lysosomes decompose
damaged organelles to reuse their organic monomers
◉Phagocytosis. Answer: process of engulfing smaller organisms or
food particles
◉Vacuole. Answer: Cell organelle that stores materials such as
water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
◉contractile vacuole. Answer: The cell structure that collects extra
water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell
, ◉endomembrane system. Answer: A network of membranes inside
and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical
contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
◉endosymbiont theory. Answer: The theory that mitochondria and
plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells
engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its
host cell then evolved into a single organism.
◉Mitochondria. Answer: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is
the site of ATP (energy) production
◉Cristae. Answer: Infoldings of the inner membrane of a
mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the
enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
◉mitochondrial matrix. Answer: The compartment of the
mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing
enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
◉Chloroplast. Answer: An organelle found in plant and algae cells
where photosynthesis occurs
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXPERT
VERIFIED
◉Golgi apparatus. Answer: A system of membranes that modifies
and packages proteins for export by the cell. Has cis and trans faces.
◉Lysosome. Answer: membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that
can digest macromolecules
◉Autophagy. Answer: A process in which lysosomes decompose
damaged organelles to reuse their organic monomers
◉Phagocytosis. Answer: process of engulfing smaller organisms or
food particles
◉Vacuole. Answer: Cell organelle that stores materials such as
water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
◉contractile vacuole. Answer: The cell structure that collects extra
water from the cytoplasm and then expels it from the cell
, ◉endomembrane system. Answer: A network of membranes inside
and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical
contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
◉endosymbiont theory. Answer: The theory that mitochondria and
plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells
engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its
host cell then evolved into a single organism.
◉Mitochondria. Answer: Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is
the site of ATP (energy) production
◉Cristae. Answer: Infoldings of the inner membrane of a
mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the
enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
◉mitochondrial matrix. Answer: The compartment of the
mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing
enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
◉Chloroplast. Answer: An organelle found in plant and algae cells
where photosynthesis occurs
