CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9 BY JANE REECE
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What does the atomic number represent?
Answer: Number of protons in nucleus.
◉ What values can we discern from the mass number?
Answer: Sum of protons + neutrons in the nucleus.
◉ What is an isotope?
Answer: 2 atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons.
◉ How do you know when 2 atoms are isotopes? What number is
different?
Answer: They differ in numbers of neutrons and the mass number is
different.
◉ What is energy?
Answer: The capacity to cause change.
◉ What is potential energy?
,Answer: The energy that matter has because of its location or
structure.
◉ What is kinetic energy?
Answer: The energy of motion.
◉ ______ are constantly moving in cloud-like areas, we represent
their location with electron shells.
Answer: Electrons.
◉ Which electron shell houses electrons with the most energy? The
least?
Answer: 3rd = The most.
1st = The least.
◉ What is the valence shell?
Answer: The valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom. It is
usually (and misleadingly) said that the electrons in this shell make
up its valence electrons, that is, the electrons that determine how
the atom behaves in chemical reactions.
◉ How many electrons does the 1st and 2nd shell hold?
Answer: 1st = 2
, 2nd = 8
◉ What if the atoms valence shell is full, how does that affect its
reactivity?
Answer: That element is chemically inert.
◉ What is a covalent bond?
Answer: The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms.
◉ Why make bonds?
Answer: So that an element may have a full outer shell.
◉ What is being shared when a bond is made?
Answer: Electrons.
◉ What makes a bond polar?
Answer: One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not
share the electron equally. An example is a water molecule.
◉ What is electronegativity? And how does it affect sharing?
Answer: The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent
bond. The more electronegative an atom, the more strongly is pulls
shared electrons toward itself.
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What does the atomic number represent?
Answer: Number of protons in nucleus.
◉ What values can we discern from the mass number?
Answer: Sum of protons + neutrons in the nucleus.
◉ What is an isotope?
Answer: 2 atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons.
◉ How do you know when 2 atoms are isotopes? What number is
different?
Answer: They differ in numbers of neutrons and the mass number is
different.
◉ What is energy?
Answer: The capacity to cause change.
◉ What is potential energy?
,Answer: The energy that matter has because of its location or
structure.
◉ What is kinetic energy?
Answer: The energy of motion.
◉ ______ are constantly moving in cloud-like areas, we represent
their location with electron shells.
Answer: Electrons.
◉ Which electron shell houses electrons with the most energy? The
least?
Answer: 3rd = The most.
1st = The least.
◉ What is the valence shell?
Answer: The valence shell is the outermost shell of an atom. It is
usually (and misleadingly) said that the electrons in this shell make
up its valence electrons, that is, the electrons that determine how
the atom behaves in chemical reactions.
◉ How many electrons does the 1st and 2nd shell hold?
Answer: 1st = 2
, 2nd = 8
◉ What if the atoms valence shell is full, how does that affect its
reactivity?
Answer: That element is chemically inert.
◉ What is a covalent bond?
Answer: The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms.
◉ Why make bonds?
Answer: So that an element may have a full outer shell.
◉ What is being shared when a bond is made?
Answer: Electrons.
◉ What makes a bond polar?
Answer: One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not
share the electron equally. An example is a water molecule.
◉ What is electronegativity? And how does it affect sharing?
Answer: The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent
bond. The more electronegative an atom, the more strongly is pulls
shared electrons toward itself.
