NUR 105 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 INFLAMMATION, IMMUNITY QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT
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Core Domains
- Acute and Chronic Inflammation Mechanisms
- Inflammatory Mediators and Pathways
- Innate Immune System Components
- Adaptive Immune System Response
- Hypersensitivity Reactions and Autoimmunity
- Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Complement System and Cytokines
- Clinical Applications of Immune Responses
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This comprehensive exam assesses foundational and applied knowledge of inflammation and immunity
essential for nursing practice. The purpose is to evaluate students' understanding of pathophysiological
mechanisms underlying immune responses, inflammatory processes, and related clinical conditions. Skills
assessed include identifying cellular and molecular components of immunity, recognizing signs and stages of
inflammation, differentiating hypersensitivity types, and applying knowledge to real-world patient
scenarios. The multiple-choice format includes scenario-based questions that emphasize critical thinking,
clinical decision-making, and real-world application of pathophysiological concepts to patient care
situations.
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,Section One: Questions 1–100
Question 1
Which of the following is the PRIMARY cardinal sign of acute inflammation resulting from vasodilation?
A. Pain
B. Heat
C. Loss of function
D. Swelling
🟢 Correct answer: B
🔴 RATIONALE: Heat (calor) is the primary cardinal sign directly resulting from vasodilation, which increases
blood flow to the affected area. Pain results from mediator release and tissue pressure, swelling results from
fluid exudation, and loss of function is a secondary consequence.
Question 2
A patient presents with elevated CRP and ESR levels. Which inflammatory process is most likely occurring?
A. Acute inflammation
B. Chronic inflammation
C. Resolution
D. Scarring
🟢 Correct answer: A
,🔴 RATIONALE: CRP (C-reactive protein) and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) are classic acute
inflammatory markers that rise rapidly during acute inflammation. These markers are less elevated in chronic
inflammation and normalize during resolution.
Question 3
Which cell type is the FIRST to arrive at the site of acute inflammation?
A. Macrophage
B. Lymphocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Monocyte
🟢 Correct answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: Neutrophils are the first responders to acute inflammation, arriving within 6-24 hours.
Macrophages and monocytes arrive later (24-48 hours), and lymphocytes are characteristic of chronic
inflammation.
Question 4
What is the PRIMARY function of histamine in the inflammatory response?
A. Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
B. Pain mediation
C. Chemotaxis of neutrophils
D. Antibody production
, 🟢 Correct answer: A
🔴 RATIONALE: Histamine's primary function is causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability,
leading to edema and redness. Pain mediation involves multiple mediators, chemotaxis involves other
molecules like leukotrienes, and antibody production is part of adaptive immunity.
Question 5
Which cytokine is MOST responsible for inducing fever during inflammation?
A. IL-1
B. IL-10
C. TGF-β
D. IL-4
🟢 Correct answer: A
🔴 RATIONALE: IL-1 (interleukin-1) is the primary pyrogenic cytokine that acts on the hypothalamus to induce
fever. IL-10 is anti-inflammatory, TGF-β regulates tissue repair, and IL-4 is involved in B-cell activation.
Question 6
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus has which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT
DOWNLOAD PDF
*
*
Core Domains
- Acute and Chronic Inflammation Mechanisms
- Inflammatory Mediators and Pathways
- Innate Immune System Components
- Adaptive Immune System Response
- Hypersensitivity Reactions and Autoimmunity
- Immunodeficiency Disorders
- Complement System and Cytokines
- Clinical Applications of Immune Responses
*
This comprehensive exam assesses foundational and applied knowledge of inflammation and immunity
essential for nursing practice. The purpose is to evaluate students' understanding of pathophysiological
mechanisms underlying immune responses, inflammatory processes, and related clinical conditions. Skills
assessed include identifying cellular and molecular components of immunity, recognizing signs and stages of
inflammation, differentiating hypersensitivity types, and applying knowledge to real-world patient
scenarios. The multiple-choice format includes scenario-based questions that emphasize critical thinking,
clinical decision-making, and real-world application of pathophysiological concepts to patient care
situations.
*
,Section One: Questions 1–100
Question 1
Which of the following is the PRIMARY cardinal sign of acute inflammation resulting from vasodilation?
A. Pain
B. Heat
C. Loss of function
D. Swelling
🟢 Correct answer: B
🔴 RATIONALE: Heat (calor) is the primary cardinal sign directly resulting from vasodilation, which increases
blood flow to the affected area. Pain results from mediator release and tissue pressure, swelling results from
fluid exudation, and loss of function is a secondary consequence.
Question 2
A patient presents with elevated CRP and ESR levels. Which inflammatory process is most likely occurring?
A. Acute inflammation
B. Chronic inflammation
C. Resolution
D. Scarring
🟢 Correct answer: A
,🔴 RATIONALE: CRP (C-reactive protein) and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) are classic acute
inflammatory markers that rise rapidly during acute inflammation. These markers are less elevated in chronic
inflammation and normalize during resolution.
Question 3
Which cell type is the FIRST to arrive at the site of acute inflammation?
A. Macrophage
B. Lymphocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Monocyte
🟢 Correct answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: Neutrophils are the first responders to acute inflammation, arriving within 6-24 hours.
Macrophages and monocytes arrive later (24-48 hours), and lymphocytes are characteristic of chronic
inflammation.
Question 4
What is the PRIMARY function of histamine in the inflammatory response?
A. Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
B. Pain mediation
C. Chemotaxis of neutrophils
D. Antibody production
, 🟢 Correct answer: A
🔴 RATIONALE: Histamine's primary function is causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability,
leading to edema and redness. Pain mediation involves multiple mediators, chemotaxis involves other
molecules like leukotrienes, and antibody production is part of adaptive immunity.
Question 5
Which cytokine is MOST responsible for inducing fever during inflammation?
A. IL-1
B. IL-10
C. TGF-β
D. IL-4
🟢 Correct answer: A
🔴 RATIONALE: IL-1 (interleukin-1) is the primary pyrogenic cytokine that acts on the hypothalamus to induce
fever. IL-10 is anti-inflammatory, TGF-β regulates tissue repair, and IL-4 is involved in B-cell activation.
Question 6
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus has which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
