1. A researcher conducts an observational study a) There is an association between
and finds a correlation between managers' these variables
income and the number of college credits
earned. The correlation coefficient was r=.85 Based on the correlation coeflcient
with a regression equation of y=515x+12000. the researcher can conclude that
What can you say about the relationship be- there is an association between these
tween these variables? variables.
a) There is an association between these vari-
ables
b) There is a causation between these vari-
ables.
c) There is no relationship between these vari-
ables.
d) There is not enough information to deter-
mine the relationship between the variables.
2. If a trend appears in a large sample of data, c) Simpson's Paradox
the trend may not be replicated if the sample
is broken up into smaller subsets. What is this Simpson's Paradox is a counterintu-
effect known as? itive situation in which a trend in dif-
a) Foster's Theorem ferent groups of data disappears or
b) Bayes' Theorem reverses when the groups are com-
c) Simpson's Paradox bined.
d) Consistency Construct
3. What is the most appropriate definition of a c) A graph where the explanatory and
scatterplot? response variables are plotted as or-
a) A graph that uses dots to demonstrate rela- dered pairs.
tionships between two categorical variables.
b) A graph where lines are shown to represent A scatterplot is a graph that uses dots
positive or negative trends. to represent ordered pairs on a coor-
, c) A graph where the explanatory and response dinate plane to show the relationship
variables are plotted as ordered pairs. between variables.
d) A graph where a positive causation is always
represented with dots forming a straight line.
4. Using a line of best fit in slope-intercept form, m must be >0.
y=mx+b, what must be true if there is a positive
correlation? A positive correlation means the data
a) m must be >0. points are following a linear pattern
b) b must be >. of going up and to the right. The line
c) Both m and b must be>0. of best fit would also follow this and
d) Both m and b must have the same sign. therefore have a positive slope.
5. A relationship between two or more variables b) Association
is known as a(n) .
a) Causation An association is a pattern or relation-
b) Association ship between two or more variables.
c) Cause and effect
d) Correlation
6. When linear regression is used to show there is b) A correlation
a linear association between two variables, we
know the relationship is: A linear association between two vari-
a) A causation ables is a correlation. However, we
b) A correlation are not able to conclude that the
c) Neither A nor B correlation is a causation. There may
d) Both A and B be reasons why this correlation is
present that do not necessarily in-
dicate that there is a causation. For
example, a lurking variable may be
causing the correlation, even without
a cause-and-ettect relationship be-
, tween the two variables being stud-
ied.
7. Using the scatterplot Distance from City Cen- b) Around 55 miles
ter vs. Monthly Rent, how far can we expect
an apartment to be from the city center if the Solving algebraically using the linear
monthly rent is $980? Round your answer to regression equation
the nearest mile. y=−0.0105x+10.381=-0.0105+10.381
we can substitute 9.8 for y as the units
a) Around 54 miles on the y-axis are provided in $100s of
b) Around 55 miles dollars, 9.8=−0.0105x+10.3819.8
c) Around 56 miles
d) Around 57 miles (9.80−10.381) / −0.0105=55.3333.
Therefore, rounded to the nearest
mile the answer is around 55 mile
8. What is (are) a potential problem(s) that can oc- d) A, B, and C
cur when attempting to use regression analy-
sis?
a) Extrapolation
b) Lurking variables
c) Inappropriate sampling
d) A, B, and C
9. hat technique is used to estimate the profit a) Interpolation
margin for a production level of 25 thousand interpolation is used to estimate an
units, if a line of best fit is created to estimate unknown value that is in between two
profit margin for production levels between 20 known values.
to 39 thousand units?
a) Interpolation
and finds a correlation between managers' these variables
income and the number of college credits
earned. The correlation coefficient was r=.85 Based on the correlation coeflcient
with a regression equation of y=515x+12000. the researcher can conclude that
What can you say about the relationship be- there is an association between these
tween these variables? variables.
a) There is an association between these vari-
ables
b) There is a causation between these vari-
ables.
c) There is no relationship between these vari-
ables.
d) There is not enough information to deter-
mine the relationship between the variables.
2. If a trend appears in a large sample of data, c) Simpson's Paradox
the trend may not be replicated if the sample
is broken up into smaller subsets. What is this Simpson's Paradox is a counterintu-
effect known as? itive situation in which a trend in dif-
a) Foster's Theorem ferent groups of data disappears or
b) Bayes' Theorem reverses when the groups are com-
c) Simpson's Paradox bined.
d) Consistency Construct
3. What is the most appropriate definition of a c) A graph where the explanatory and
scatterplot? response variables are plotted as or-
a) A graph that uses dots to demonstrate rela- dered pairs.
tionships between two categorical variables.
b) A graph where lines are shown to represent A scatterplot is a graph that uses dots
positive or negative trends. to represent ordered pairs on a coor-
, c) A graph where the explanatory and response dinate plane to show the relationship
variables are plotted as ordered pairs. between variables.
d) A graph where a positive causation is always
represented with dots forming a straight line.
4. Using a line of best fit in slope-intercept form, m must be >0.
y=mx+b, what must be true if there is a positive
correlation? A positive correlation means the data
a) m must be >0. points are following a linear pattern
b) b must be >. of going up and to the right. The line
c) Both m and b must be>0. of best fit would also follow this and
d) Both m and b must have the same sign. therefore have a positive slope.
5. A relationship between two or more variables b) Association
is known as a(n) .
a) Causation An association is a pattern or relation-
b) Association ship between two or more variables.
c) Cause and effect
d) Correlation
6. When linear regression is used to show there is b) A correlation
a linear association between two variables, we
know the relationship is: A linear association between two vari-
a) A causation ables is a correlation. However, we
b) A correlation are not able to conclude that the
c) Neither A nor B correlation is a causation. There may
d) Both A and B be reasons why this correlation is
present that do not necessarily in-
dicate that there is a causation. For
example, a lurking variable may be
causing the correlation, even without
a cause-and-ettect relationship be-
, tween the two variables being stud-
ied.
7. Using the scatterplot Distance from City Cen- b) Around 55 miles
ter vs. Monthly Rent, how far can we expect
an apartment to be from the city center if the Solving algebraically using the linear
monthly rent is $980? Round your answer to regression equation
the nearest mile. y=−0.0105x+10.381=-0.0105+10.381
we can substitute 9.8 for y as the units
a) Around 54 miles on the y-axis are provided in $100s of
b) Around 55 miles dollars, 9.8=−0.0105x+10.3819.8
c) Around 56 miles
d) Around 57 miles (9.80−10.381) / −0.0105=55.3333.
Therefore, rounded to the nearest
mile the answer is around 55 mile
8. What is (are) a potential problem(s) that can oc- d) A, B, and C
cur when attempting to use regression analy-
sis?
a) Extrapolation
b) Lurking variables
c) Inappropriate sampling
d) A, B, and C
9. hat technique is used to estimate the profit a) Interpolation
margin for a production level of 25 thousand interpolation is used to estimate an
units, if a line of best fit is created to estimate unknown value that is in between two
profit margin for production levels between 20 known values.
to 39 thousand units?
a) Interpolation
