A&P 102 Final Exam Ivy Tech | 2025|2026 EXAM
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Terms in this set (205)
Who regulates pituitary gland hypothalamus
secretion?
What is a hormone and how does it Hormones are chemical messengers that are
act? responsible for regulation. They are secreted into
body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions
on target tissues, which are any tissue that has
specific receptors for that particular hormone.
Compare and contrast glucagon Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down
and insulin. glycogen and convert noncarbohydrates into
glucose and it stimulates the breakdown of fats.
Insulin promotes the formation of glycogen from
glucose, inhibits conversion of noncarbohydrates
into glucose, and enhances movement of
glucose through adipose and muscle cell
membranes, decreasing blood glucose
concentration and promotes transport of amino
acids into cells, as well as enhances synthesis of
proteins and fats.
Both work to keep blood glucose concentration
constant, but glucagon breaks down glycogen
into glucose and insulin forms glycogen from
glucose.
,How are pheromones different than is a chemical signal sent between members of the
hormones? same species. Are a type of hormone that are
released in small quantities and play a big role in
physical attraction between people.
How is inhibin used in the body? Inhibits the anterior pituitary gland by negative
feedback. This action prevents over secretion of
FSH. It is secreted by cells of the testes and
ovaries. FSH is secreted by anterior pituitary
gland. It is a glycoprotein hormone.
Differentiate between paracrine, Paracrine - hormones enter the interstitial fluid
autocrine, endocrine, and exocrine but affect only neighboring cells.
glands. Autocrine - hormones affect only the secreting
cell.
Endocrine - hormones are secreted from the
interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and act on
target cells.
Exocrine - secretions enter tubes or ducts that
lead to body surfaces.
, Describe steroid hormones. Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones.
Steroid hormones diffuse through cell
membranes and enter cytoplasm or nucleus.
Then they combine with a receptor molecule,
which together bind to DNA and promote
transcription of messenger RNA. mRNA enters
the cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis.
Newly synthesized proteins produce hormone's
specific effects.
Describe tropic hormones. They stimulate the activity of endocrine glands
than those secreting them.
Describe normal blood: number of Describe normal blood: number of each cell
each cell type, pH. type, pH.
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Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood
volume is about 5 L. RBC count is usually
4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-
5,400,000 in females. WBC are usually 5,000-
10,000 per cubic mm of blood. Platelets are
usually 130,000-360,000 per cubic mm of blood.
Normal blood pH is around 7.4.
How does the Rh factor affect a Rh positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh
developing fetus and its mother? antigens on the RBC membranes.
Rh negative - lack of these antigens
If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh
positive, her antibodies form to fight Rh-positive
blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her
baby is Rh positive, her antibodies attack the
baby's RBC. Complications can lead the baby to
develop erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic
disease.
UPDATE Verified Anatomy & Physiology II Study
guide
Save
Terms in this set (205)
Who regulates pituitary gland hypothalamus
secretion?
What is a hormone and how does it Hormones are chemical messengers that are
act? responsible for regulation. They are secreted into
body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions
on target tissues, which are any tissue that has
specific receptors for that particular hormone.
Compare and contrast glucagon Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down
and insulin. glycogen and convert noncarbohydrates into
glucose and it stimulates the breakdown of fats.
Insulin promotes the formation of glycogen from
glucose, inhibits conversion of noncarbohydrates
into glucose, and enhances movement of
glucose through adipose and muscle cell
membranes, decreasing blood glucose
concentration and promotes transport of amino
acids into cells, as well as enhances synthesis of
proteins and fats.
Both work to keep blood glucose concentration
constant, but glucagon breaks down glycogen
into glucose and insulin forms glycogen from
glucose.
,How are pheromones different than is a chemical signal sent between members of the
hormones? same species. Are a type of hormone that are
released in small quantities and play a big role in
physical attraction between people.
How is inhibin used in the body? Inhibits the anterior pituitary gland by negative
feedback. This action prevents over secretion of
FSH. It is secreted by cells of the testes and
ovaries. FSH is secreted by anterior pituitary
gland. It is a glycoprotein hormone.
Differentiate between paracrine, Paracrine - hormones enter the interstitial fluid
autocrine, endocrine, and exocrine but affect only neighboring cells.
glands. Autocrine - hormones affect only the secreting
cell.
Endocrine - hormones are secreted from the
interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and act on
target cells.
Exocrine - secretions enter tubes or ducts that
lead to body surfaces.
, Describe steroid hormones. Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones.
Steroid hormones diffuse through cell
membranes and enter cytoplasm or nucleus.
Then they combine with a receptor molecule,
which together bind to DNA and promote
transcription of messenger RNA. mRNA enters
the cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis.
Newly synthesized proteins produce hormone's
specific effects.
Describe tropic hormones. They stimulate the activity of endocrine glands
than those secreting them.
Describe normal blood: number of Describe normal blood: number of each cell
each cell type, pH. type, pH.
CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT
Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood
volume is about 5 L. RBC count is usually
4,600,000-6,200,000 in males, 4,200,000-
5,400,000 in females. WBC are usually 5,000-
10,000 per cubic mm of blood. Platelets are
usually 130,000-360,000 per cubic mm of blood.
Normal blood pH is around 7.4.
How does the Rh factor affect a Rh positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh
developing fetus and its mother? antigens on the RBC membranes.
Rh negative - lack of these antigens
If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh
positive, her antibodies form to fight Rh-positive
blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her
baby is Rh positive, her antibodies attack the
baby's RBC. Complications can lead the baby to
develop erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic
disease.
