() Pharmacology NURS
251 Module 1 to 10 Exam portage
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MODULE 1: Foundational Concepts & Pharmacokinetics
1. A patient is prescribed a medication that undergoes
extensive first-pass metabolism. Which route of
administration would best avoid this effect?
A) Oral
B) Sublingual
C) Rectal
D) Enteral
Answer: B) Sublingual
Rationale: The first-pass effect involves metabolism of a drug in
the liver after absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Sublingual administration bypasses the GI tract and liver, allowing
the drug to enter systemic circulation directly.
,2. A nurse is administering a drug that is 95% protein-bound.
Which patient condition would require close monitoring for
increased drug effects?
A) Hyperalbuminemia
B) Hypoalbuminemia
C) Polycythemia
D) Leukocytosis
Answer: B) Hypoalbuminemia
Rationale: When albumin levels are low, fewer protein-binding
sites are available, leading to more free (active) drug in circulation
and increased drug effects.
3. Which phase of pharmacokinetics involves the movement
of a drug from the site of administration into the
bloodstream?
A) Distribution
B) Metabolism
C) Absorption
D) Excretion
Answer: C) Absorption
Rationale: Absorption is the process by which a drug moves from
its administration site into the bloodstream.
,4. A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. How many hours will it
take for the drug to reach steady-state concentration?
A) 8 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 16 hours
D) 20 hours
Answer: C) 16 hours
Rationale: Steady-state is typically achieved after approximately
4–5 half-lives. With a 4-hour half-life, steady-state is reached in
about 16–20 hours (4 × 4 = 16 hours).
5. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Heart
Answer: B) Liver
Rationale: The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism, where
enzymes (primarily the cytochrome P450 system) convert lipid-
soluble drugs into more water-soluble metabolites for excretion.
, 6. A nurse is reviewing a patient's medication list. Which drug
classification works by binding to receptors and producing a
maximal response?
A) Antagonist
B) Partial agonist
C) Agonist
D) Competitive inhibitor
Answer: C) Agonist
Rationale: An agonist binds to a receptor and activates it,
producing a biological response. A full agonist produces a
maximal response.
7. What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
A) The ratio of a drug's ED50 to its LD50
B) The ratio of a drug's LD50 to its ED50
C) The dose required to produce a therapeutic effect
D) The time required for a drug to reach peak concentration
Answer: B) The ratio of a drug's LD50 to its ED50
Rationale: The therapeutic index (TI) is the ratio of the lethal dose
(LD50) to the effective dose (ED50). A higher TI indicates a wider
margin of safety.
251 Module 1 to 10 Exam portage
learning/ ABCnursing Questions and
Verified Answers With Rationale,
100% Guarantee Pass Geaded A+
MODULE 1: Foundational Concepts & Pharmacokinetics
1. A patient is prescribed a medication that undergoes
extensive first-pass metabolism. Which route of
administration would best avoid this effect?
A) Oral
B) Sublingual
C) Rectal
D) Enteral
Answer: B) Sublingual
Rationale: The first-pass effect involves metabolism of a drug in
the liver after absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Sublingual administration bypasses the GI tract and liver, allowing
the drug to enter systemic circulation directly.
,2. A nurse is administering a drug that is 95% protein-bound.
Which patient condition would require close monitoring for
increased drug effects?
A) Hyperalbuminemia
B) Hypoalbuminemia
C) Polycythemia
D) Leukocytosis
Answer: B) Hypoalbuminemia
Rationale: When albumin levels are low, fewer protein-binding
sites are available, leading to more free (active) drug in circulation
and increased drug effects.
3. Which phase of pharmacokinetics involves the movement
of a drug from the site of administration into the
bloodstream?
A) Distribution
B) Metabolism
C) Absorption
D) Excretion
Answer: C) Absorption
Rationale: Absorption is the process by which a drug moves from
its administration site into the bloodstream.
,4. A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. How many hours will it
take for the drug to reach steady-state concentration?
A) 8 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 16 hours
D) 20 hours
Answer: C) 16 hours
Rationale: Steady-state is typically achieved after approximately
4–5 half-lives. With a 4-hour half-life, steady-state is reached in
about 16–20 hours (4 × 4 = 16 hours).
5. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Heart
Answer: B) Liver
Rationale: The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism, where
enzymes (primarily the cytochrome P450 system) convert lipid-
soluble drugs into more water-soluble metabolites for excretion.
, 6. A nurse is reviewing a patient's medication list. Which drug
classification works by binding to receptors and producing a
maximal response?
A) Antagonist
B) Partial agonist
C) Agonist
D) Competitive inhibitor
Answer: C) Agonist
Rationale: An agonist binds to a receptor and activates it,
producing a biological response. A full agonist produces a
maximal response.
7. What is the therapeutic index of a drug?
A) The ratio of a drug's ED50 to its LD50
B) The ratio of a drug's LD50 to its ED50
C) The dose required to produce a therapeutic effect
D) The time required for a drug to reach peak concentration
Answer: B) The ratio of a drug's LD50 to its ED50
Rationale: The therapeutic index (TI) is the ratio of the lethal dose
(LD50) to the effective dose (ED50). A higher TI indicates a wider
margin of safety.
