BKAT ICU POST TEST FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ E - 30-90% of adults in colonies are asymptomatic carriers.
Answer: Which of these statements about pasteurellosis in rabbits is most
accurate?A - 2-week course of antimicrobials is effective in eliminating
diseaseB - It is a gram-positive, nonmotile coccobacillusC - Every positive
test result indicates a pathologic conditionD - Most common presentation is
chronic, insidious arthritisE - 30-90% of adults in colonies are asymptomatic
carriers
◍ A - Treat all calves for lice.
Answer: In January you examine a group of dairy calves which range in age
from 2 to 7 months, with a complaint of hair loss and pruritus. The calves
are thin and mucous membranes are pale. One has developed
bronchopneumonia, and is also febrile and depressed. You do a skin
scraping and find the parasite shown in the image, which your technician
identifies as Hematopinus sp. The CBC shows the calves to be severely
anemic. What treatment recommendation should you now make to the dairy
owner?A - Treat all calves for liceB - Treat all calves with long acting
tetracyclineC - Treat all calves with hematinicsD - Vaccinate all calves
against Mannheimia hemolyticaE - Treat all calves for mange
◍ Anthrax - Etiologic Agent.
Answer: Bacillus anthracis (Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming rod)
◍ C - Inguinal hernia.
Answer: A seven-week-old pot-bellied pig is presented with a posterior
swelling that looks like this:Which one of the following is the most likely
clinical diagnosis?A - Perineal herniaB - Testicular torsionC - Inguinal
, herniaD - CryptorchidismE - Intersex syndrome
◍ Anthrax - Spore Characteristics.
Answer: Highly resistant to heat, drying, and disinfectants; can survive
decades in environment
◍ E - Sulfadimethoxine (Albon).
Answer: An 8-week old Abyssinian cat recently obtained from a cattery
presents to you for an examination and the owner reports that the cat has had
diarrhea. On fecal float, you find multiple structures like the one shown in
the photo (see image). What should you treat the cat with?A - Praziquantel
(Droncit)B - Metronidazole (Flagyl)C - Pyrantel (Strongid)D - Selamectin
(Revolution)E - Sulfadimethoxine (Albon)F - Amoxicillin and clavulanate
(Clavamox)
◍ Anthrax - Transmission.
Answer: Ingestion or inhalation of spores from contaminated
soil/environment
◍ B - 85%.
Answer: A 10-year old female spayed Siamese cat presents for a new lump
the owner found a month ago. She was spayed last year before she was
adopted from the shelter. The owner states that the lump has grown over the
last month, and it doesn't seem to bother the cat. On exam, the 2 cm lump is
located on the left 2nd mammary gland, and no other lumps are noted. The
lump is freely moveable, and chest radiographs are clear. What is the chance
that this tumor is malignant?A - 20%B - 85%C - 50%D - 5%
◍ Anthrax - Primary Species Affected.
Answer: Herbivores (especially cattle, sheep, goats)
◍ Anthrax - Pathogenesis.
Answer: Spores enter host → germinate into vegetative form → rapid
replication → fatal septicemia
◍ Anthrax - Key Clinical Presentation.
Answer: Peracute death often with minimal preceding signsif you do see
, signs: fever, staggering, convulsions, depression, respiratory distress,
swelling
◍ Anthrax - Classic Postmortem Findings.
Answer: Bloody discharge from orifices + absence of rigor mortis + rapid
bloating
◍ D - Hypothyroidism.
Answer: An obese 7-year-old Labrador Retriever is presented for annual
vaccinations. The owners claim that they have restricted his diet and try to
exercise him but he still keeps the weight on. There is alopecia on the
dorsum of his tail and he has an unusual worried facial expression.Which
one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?A -
HyperadrenocorticismB - Male pattern alopeciaC - Sarcoptic mangeD -
HypothyroidismE - Hypoadrenocorticism
◍ Anthrax - Necropsy Rule (VERY HIGH YIELD).
Answer: DO NOT open carcass (prevents spore formation and
environmental contamination)do NOT necropsy if you suspect anthrax - call
your state veterinarian
◍ Anthrax - Diagnosis.
Answer: Blood/tissue sampling via lab protocols (contact lab first)
◍ Anthrax - Zoonotic Status.
Answer: ZOONOTIC AND REPORTABLE
◍ Anthrax - Key Control Measures.
Answer: Rapid detection, reporting, quarantine
◍ Is vaccination effective for anthrax?.
Answer: Yes -vaccination is effective and given annually in endemic areas
◍ B - Retrobulbar abscessAcute, painful exophthalmos is usually due to
retrobulbar abscessation. These lesions are usually painful and may be
swollen. These animals are frequently systemically ill with fever and
leukocytosis. Causes of retrobulbar abscesses include penetrating wounds,
, foreign bodies, spread from dental or sinus infection, and hematogenous
spread. Glaucoma does not cause exophthalmos, although, chronically it can
cause buphthalmos which may appear similar. Anterior uveitis also does not
cause exophthalmos..
Answer: A 6-year old intact male domestic short haired cat presents with
acute onset exophthalmos of the right eye in the past 2 days. He is painful
on palpation around his eye and head. The eye can be retropulsed some, but
there is resistance present. He has not been eating in the past day and has a
rectal temperature of 103.4F (39.7 C). What is the most likely diagnosis? A
- Anterior uveitis B - Retrobulbar abscess C - Glaucoma D - Orbital
neoplasia
◍ A - Cochliomyia hominivorax.
Answer: What organism is depicted in the images below?A - Cochliomyia
hominivorax B - Dermatobia hominis C - Onchocerca cervicalis D -
Cuterebra spp.E - Coenurus cerebralis
◍ D - Moraxella bovis.
Answer: This is a corneal abscess secondary to infectious
keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye). What is the most commonly recognized
organism that causes pinkeye in cows?A - Colesiota conjunctivae B -
Chlamydophila pecorum C - Mycoplasma spp.D - Moraxella bovis E -
Neisseria spp.
◍ Anthrax - Carcass Disposal.
Answer: Burn or bury without opening or moving carcass
◍ D - Selenium deficiencyThe pale muscle and clinical signs are classic for
vitamin E and selenium deficiency. This is important to remember! Other
things that should be on your differential list for this case include
cardiotoxic plants..
Answer: You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves
between the age of 2 weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak,
dyspneic and die suddenly. On necropsy they have pale cardiac and skeletal
muscles. What is the farmer's problem?A - Sorghum toxicityB - Lightning
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ E - 30-90% of adults in colonies are asymptomatic carriers.
Answer: Which of these statements about pasteurellosis in rabbits is most
accurate?A - 2-week course of antimicrobials is effective in eliminating
diseaseB - It is a gram-positive, nonmotile coccobacillusC - Every positive
test result indicates a pathologic conditionD - Most common presentation is
chronic, insidious arthritisE - 30-90% of adults in colonies are asymptomatic
carriers
◍ A - Treat all calves for lice.
Answer: In January you examine a group of dairy calves which range in age
from 2 to 7 months, with a complaint of hair loss and pruritus. The calves
are thin and mucous membranes are pale. One has developed
bronchopneumonia, and is also febrile and depressed. You do a skin
scraping and find the parasite shown in the image, which your technician
identifies as Hematopinus sp. The CBC shows the calves to be severely
anemic. What treatment recommendation should you now make to the dairy
owner?A - Treat all calves for liceB - Treat all calves with long acting
tetracyclineC - Treat all calves with hematinicsD - Vaccinate all calves
against Mannheimia hemolyticaE - Treat all calves for mange
◍ Anthrax - Etiologic Agent.
Answer: Bacillus anthracis (Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming rod)
◍ C - Inguinal hernia.
Answer: A seven-week-old pot-bellied pig is presented with a posterior
swelling that looks like this:Which one of the following is the most likely
clinical diagnosis?A - Perineal herniaB - Testicular torsionC - Inguinal
, herniaD - CryptorchidismE - Intersex syndrome
◍ Anthrax - Spore Characteristics.
Answer: Highly resistant to heat, drying, and disinfectants; can survive
decades in environment
◍ E - Sulfadimethoxine (Albon).
Answer: An 8-week old Abyssinian cat recently obtained from a cattery
presents to you for an examination and the owner reports that the cat has had
diarrhea. On fecal float, you find multiple structures like the one shown in
the photo (see image). What should you treat the cat with?A - Praziquantel
(Droncit)B - Metronidazole (Flagyl)C - Pyrantel (Strongid)D - Selamectin
(Revolution)E - Sulfadimethoxine (Albon)F - Amoxicillin and clavulanate
(Clavamox)
◍ Anthrax - Transmission.
Answer: Ingestion or inhalation of spores from contaminated
soil/environment
◍ B - 85%.
Answer: A 10-year old female spayed Siamese cat presents for a new lump
the owner found a month ago. She was spayed last year before she was
adopted from the shelter. The owner states that the lump has grown over the
last month, and it doesn't seem to bother the cat. On exam, the 2 cm lump is
located on the left 2nd mammary gland, and no other lumps are noted. The
lump is freely moveable, and chest radiographs are clear. What is the chance
that this tumor is malignant?A - 20%B - 85%C - 50%D - 5%
◍ Anthrax - Primary Species Affected.
Answer: Herbivores (especially cattle, sheep, goats)
◍ Anthrax - Pathogenesis.
Answer: Spores enter host → germinate into vegetative form → rapid
replication → fatal septicemia
◍ Anthrax - Key Clinical Presentation.
Answer: Peracute death often with minimal preceding signsif you do see
, signs: fever, staggering, convulsions, depression, respiratory distress,
swelling
◍ Anthrax - Classic Postmortem Findings.
Answer: Bloody discharge from orifices + absence of rigor mortis + rapid
bloating
◍ D - Hypothyroidism.
Answer: An obese 7-year-old Labrador Retriever is presented for annual
vaccinations. The owners claim that they have restricted his diet and try to
exercise him but he still keeps the weight on. There is alopecia on the
dorsum of his tail and he has an unusual worried facial expression.Which
one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?A -
HyperadrenocorticismB - Male pattern alopeciaC - Sarcoptic mangeD -
HypothyroidismE - Hypoadrenocorticism
◍ Anthrax - Necropsy Rule (VERY HIGH YIELD).
Answer: DO NOT open carcass (prevents spore formation and
environmental contamination)do NOT necropsy if you suspect anthrax - call
your state veterinarian
◍ Anthrax - Diagnosis.
Answer: Blood/tissue sampling via lab protocols (contact lab first)
◍ Anthrax - Zoonotic Status.
Answer: ZOONOTIC AND REPORTABLE
◍ Anthrax - Key Control Measures.
Answer: Rapid detection, reporting, quarantine
◍ Is vaccination effective for anthrax?.
Answer: Yes -vaccination is effective and given annually in endemic areas
◍ B - Retrobulbar abscessAcute, painful exophthalmos is usually due to
retrobulbar abscessation. These lesions are usually painful and may be
swollen. These animals are frequently systemically ill with fever and
leukocytosis. Causes of retrobulbar abscesses include penetrating wounds,
, foreign bodies, spread from dental or sinus infection, and hematogenous
spread. Glaucoma does not cause exophthalmos, although, chronically it can
cause buphthalmos which may appear similar. Anterior uveitis also does not
cause exophthalmos..
Answer: A 6-year old intact male domestic short haired cat presents with
acute onset exophthalmos of the right eye in the past 2 days. He is painful
on palpation around his eye and head. The eye can be retropulsed some, but
there is resistance present. He has not been eating in the past day and has a
rectal temperature of 103.4F (39.7 C). What is the most likely diagnosis? A
- Anterior uveitis B - Retrobulbar abscess C - Glaucoma D - Orbital
neoplasia
◍ A - Cochliomyia hominivorax.
Answer: What organism is depicted in the images below?A - Cochliomyia
hominivorax B - Dermatobia hominis C - Onchocerca cervicalis D -
Cuterebra spp.E - Coenurus cerebralis
◍ D - Moraxella bovis.
Answer: This is a corneal abscess secondary to infectious
keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye). What is the most commonly recognized
organism that causes pinkeye in cows?A - Colesiota conjunctivae B -
Chlamydophila pecorum C - Mycoplasma spp.D - Moraxella bovis E -
Neisseria spp.
◍ Anthrax - Carcass Disposal.
Answer: Burn or bury without opening or moving carcass
◍ D - Selenium deficiencyThe pale muscle and clinical signs are classic for
vitamin E and selenium deficiency. This is important to remember! Other
things that should be on your differential list for this case include
cardiotoxic plants..
Answer: You are working with a farmer who is having trouble with calves
between the age of 2 weeks and 6 months. They are alert, but weak,
dyspneic and die suddenly. On necropsy they have pale cardiac and skeletal
muscles. What is the farmer's problem?A - Sorghum toxicityB - Lightning
