1|Page
RNSG 2539 Exam I REVIEW NEWEST 2026/ 2027 ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK WITH 300 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12;
partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and
bicarbonate (HCO3-), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values suggest which
disorder? ......ANSWER......Metabolic acidosis
As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base
imbalance? ......ANSWER......Respiratory Acidosis
Which medication classification represents a proton (gastric acid) pump
inhibitor? ......ANSWER......Omeprazole
A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base
imbalance. One student asks another what the major chemical
regulator of plasma pH is. What should the second student respond?
......ANSWER......Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
Which of the following factors would a nurse identify as a most likely
cause of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a client with diabetes?
......ANSWER......The client has eaten and has not taken or received
insulin.
pg. 1
,2|Page
A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which
insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously?
......ANSWER......Regular
A client has a dull headache, is dizzy, and has an increased pulse rate.
The results of arterial blood gas analysis are as follows: pH 7.26; partial
pressure of carbon dioxide, 50 mm Hg (6.7 kPa); and bicarbonate, 24
mEq/L (24 mmol/L). These findings indicate which acid-base imbalance?
......ANSWER......respiratory acidosis
A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas
(ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90
mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg;
and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse
suspects: ......ANSWER......respiratory alkalosis
A client is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting
for 3 days. What acid-base imbalance related to the loss of stomach
acid does the nurse observe on the arterial blood gas (ABG)?
......ANSWER......Metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting results in which of the following acid-base imbalances?
......ANSWER......Metabolic Alkalosis
When explaining how carbon dioxide combines with water to form
carbonic acid as part of an acid-base lecture, the faculty instructor
pg. 2
,3|Page
emphasizes that which enzyme is needed as a catalyst for this reaction?
......ANSWER......Carbonic anhydrase
A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which
insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously?
......ANSWER......Regular
A client reports nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 5 days. The nurse
assesses the mucous membranes as pale and dry. The client has sunken
eyes with the following vital signs: pulse 122 and thready, respirations
23, blood pressure 78/55, temperature 101.8°F oral. Which is the
priority nursing intervention? ......ANSWER......Request an order from
the physician for IV rehydration therapy.
The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is
regulation of which of the following? ......ANSWER......CO2
The nurse is caring for a client with worsening respiratory acidosis.
Which of these interventions does the nurse anticipate if the client's
condition continues to deteriorate? ......ANSWER......Mechanical
Ventilation
The nurse is aware that the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-
base balance is to increase the production of: ......ANSWER......HCO3-
pg. 3
, 4|Page
A client tells the nurse that the client has been taking Alka-Seltzer
(bicarbonate—antacid) four times a day for the past 2 weeks for an
upset stomach. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes
hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and mental confusion. Arterial blood gases
reveal pH 7.55; serum HCO3− 37 mEq/L (37 mmol/L). The nurse
suspects the client may be experiencing: ......ANSWER......Metabolic
Alkalosis
The nurse is administering an insulin drip to a patient in ketoacidosis.
What insulin does the nurse know is the only one that can be used
intravenously? ......ANSWER......Regular
A client is admitted to the intensive care unit for cardiogenic shock. In
the hours since admission, the client's arterial blood gases indicate
acidosis, most likely acute lactic acidosis. Which clinical manifestations
and diagnostic findings might his care team anticipate before acid--base
balance is restored? ......ANSWER......Dysrhythmias
SAFE Questions
S
A
F
E ......ANSWER......Stress/Safety
Afraid/Abused
Friends/Family
pg. 4
RNSG 2539 Exam I REVIEW NEWEST 2026/ 2027 ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK WITH 300 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12;
partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and
bicarbonate (HCO3-), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values suggest which
disorder? ......ANSWER......Metabolic acidosis
As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base
imbalance? ......ANSWER......Respiratory Acidosis
Which medication classification represents a proton (gastric acid) pump
inhibitor? ......ANSWER......Omeprazole
A group of nursing students are studying for a test over acid-base
imbalance. One student asks another what the major chemical
regulator of plasma pH is. What should the second student respond?
......ANSWER......Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
Which of the following factors would a nurse identify as a most likely
cause of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a client with diabetes?
......ANSWER......The client has eaten and has not taken or received
insulin.
pg. 1
,2|Page
A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which
insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously?
......ANSWER......Regular
A client has a dull headache, is dizzy, and has an increased pulse rate.
The results of arterial blood gas analysis are as follows: pH 7.26; partial
pressure of carbon dioxide, 50 mm Hg (6.7 kPa); and bicarbonate, 24
mEq/L (24 mmol/L). These findings indicate which acid-base imbalance?
......ANSWER......respiratory acidosis
A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas
(ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90
mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg;
and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse
suspects: ......ANSWER......respiratory alkalosis
A client is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting
for 3 days. What acid-base imbalance related to the loss of stomach
acid does the nurse observe on the arterial blood gas (ABG)?
......ANSWER......Metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting results in which of the following acid-base imbalances?
......ANSWER......Metabolic Alkalosis
When explaining how carbon dioxide combines with water to form
carbonic acid as part of an acid-base lecture, the faculty instructor
pg. 2
,3|Page
emphasizes that which enzyme is needed as a catalyst for this reaction?
......ANSWER......Carbonic anhydrase
A client is admitted to the unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which
insulin would the nurse expect to administer intravenously?
......ANSWER......Regular
A client reports nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 5 days. The nurse
assesses the mucous membranes as pale and dry. The client has sunken
eyes with the following vital signs: pulse 122 and thready, respirations
23, blood pressure 78/55, temperature 101.8°F oral. Which is the
priority nursing intervention? ......ANSWER......Request an order from
the physician for IV rehydration therapy.
The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is
regulation of which of the following? ......ANSWER......CO2
The nurse is caring for a client with worsening respiratory acidosis.
Which of these interventions does the nurse anticipate if the client's
condition continues to deteriorate? ......ANSWER......Mechanical
Ventilation
The nurse is aware that the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-
base balance is to increase the production of: ......ANSWER......HCO3-
pg. 3
, 4|Page
A client tells the nurse that the client has been taking Alka-Seltzer
(bicarbonate—antacid) four times a day for the past 2 weeks for an
upset stomach. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes
hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and mental confusion. Arterial blood gases
reveal pH 7.55; serum HCO3− 37 mEq/L (37 mmol/L). The nurse
suspects the client may be experiencing: ......ANSWER......Metabolic
Alkalosis
The nurse is administering an insulin drip to a patient in ketoacidosis.
What insulin does the nurse know is the only one that can be used
intravenously? ......ANSWER......Regular
A client is admitted to the intensive care unit for cardiogenic shock. In
the hours since admission, the client's arterial blood gases indicate
acidosis, most likely acute lactic acidosis. Which clinical manifestations
and diagnostic findings might his care team anticipate before acid--base
balance is restored? ......ANSWER......Dysrhythmias
SAFE Questions
S
A
F
E ......ANSWER......Stress/Safety
Afraid/Abused
Friends/Family
pg. 4
