BIOL 2051 LAB FINAL COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE 2026
1. enzymes.
2. Answer: proteins that serve as biological catalysts
3.
4. ◉ substrate.
5. Answer: substance that reacts with an enzyme
6.
7. ◉ one.
8. Answer: generally, how many substrates may an enzyme react with?
9.
10. ◉ extracellular enzymes.
11. Answer: enzymes that act outside of the cell in which they are produced
12.
13. ◉ degrade large molecules into units that are small enough to be transported by
proteins across the cell membrane and into the cell where they may be used.
14. Answer: Generally, how are extracellular enzymes useful?
15.
16. ◉ endoenzymes.
17. Answer: act inside of the cell to synthesize molecules that are needed by the cell
OR degrade molecules to simpler molecules, releasing energy
18.
19. ◉ inducible.
20. Answer: type of enzyme that is only produced when a substrate is available
21.
22. ◉ constitutive.
23. Answer: type of enzyme that are essential to the cell and produced at all times
24.
25. ◉ morphology.
26. Answer: cell size, shape, and arrangement of a bacterium
27.
28. ◉ physiology.
29. Answer: how an organism functions in an environment; its metabolic capabilities..
enzymes produced and biochemical reactions
30.
31. ◉ oxidase and catalase.
32. Answer: What two enzymes are made by organisms that produce energy using
aerobic respiration?
33.
34. ◉ molecular oxygen.
,35. Answer: in aerobic respiration, what serves as the final electron acceptor of the
electron transport chain
36.
37. ◉ cytochrome oxidase.
38. Answer: oxygen accepts an electron from what protein in the electron transport
chain during aerobic respiration?
39.
40. ◉ cytochrome c oxidase.
41. Answer: What is tested for in an oxidase assay?
42.
43. ◉ facultative aerobes.
44. Answer: Many oxidase negative organisms are what in terms of oxygen use?
45.
46. ◉ toxic byproducts.
47. Answer: What are produced by the reduction of oxygen?
48.
49. ◉ B.
50. Answer: An organism's catalase production gives you information about what?
51. A) its optimal osmotic environment
52. B) Reduction of O2 during respiration
53. C) the presence of nitrate reductase in the cell
54. D) fermentation properties
55.
56. ◉ true.
57. Answer: T/F
58. a microscope slide is a convenient surface to perform a catalase test
59.
60. ◉ B.
61. Answer: Cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme at the end of
62. A) glycolysis
63. B) the electron transport chain
64. C) fermentation
65.
66. ◉ true.
67. Answer: T/F
68. Dark-dier mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii lacks a fundamental cytochrome
oxidase for aerobic respiration
69.
70. ◉ true.
71. Answer: T/F
72. Dark-dier mutant of C. reinhardtii cannot use acetate in the dark for aerobic
respiration
73.
74. ◉ true.
75. Answer: T/F
76. dark-dier mutant of C. reinhardtii can grow on minimal media
,77.
78. ◉ false.
79. Answer: T/F
80. dark-dier mutant of C. reinhardtii is an anoxygenic phototroph
81.
82. ◉ B.
83. Answer: Which of the following describes how you will inoculate an HA plate to
test the effects of mutation on oxidase function?
84.
85. A) plate wild-type chlamys on one plate and dk mutant on another plate
86. B) divide the plate in half, placing wild type chlamy on one side and dk mutant on
the other side
87. C) streak plate
88. D) pour plate
89.
90. ◉ true.
91. Answer: T/F
92. denitrification by soil microbes depletes the soil of nitrogen
93.
94. ◉ A.
95. Answer: Which of the following are inoculated to test for nitrate reduction?
96.
97. A) a nitrate broth with durham assembly
98. B) N-free broth
99. C) citrate slant
100. D) nitrite broth
101.
102. ◉ false.
103. Answer: T/F
104. To perform the catalase test, add a drop of water to the slide to mix with
the bacteria
105.
106. ◉ molecular oxygen serves as the electron acceptor.
107. Answer: How is aerobic respiration distinguished form anaerobic
respiration?
108.
109. ◉ false.
110. Answer: T/F
111. wild-type C. reinhardtii cannot use acetate in the dark for aerobic
respiration
112.
113. ◉ true.
114. Answer: T/F
115. an organism is doing anaerobic respiration if it uses nitrate at the end of
the electron transport chain as the final electron acceptor
116.
, 117. ◉ false.
118. Answer: T/F
119. the positive control tube for nitrate reduction is inoculated with both E. Coli
and P. denitrificans
120.
121. ◉ microscope slide.
122. Answer: on what surface will you be placing the bacteria for the catalase
test in lab?
123.
124. ◉ false.
125. Answer: T/F
126. oxidase enzymes are made by organisms that produce energy using
anaerobic respiration
127.
128. ◉ false.
129. Answer: T/F
130. cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme that can catalyze the reduction of a
cytochrome and the subsequent oxidation of molecular oxygen to either water or
hydrogen peroxide
131.
132. ◉ true.
133. Answer: T/F
134. organisms from the genera Pseudomonas are considered oxidase positive
135.
136. ◉ false.
137. Answer: T/F
138. organisms from the genera Escherichia are considered oxidase positive
139.
140. ◉ false.
141. Answer: T/F
142. the reagent ferrous ammonium sulfate can be used to test an organism's
ability to produce cytochrome oxidase
143.
144. ◉ true.
145. Answer: T/F
146. dark-dier mutant C. reinhardtii is an oxygenic phototroph
147.
148. ◉ dinitrogenase reductase and dinitrogenase.
149. Answer: Which two enzymes are used by some bacteria to convert
nitrogen gas into organic nitrogen
150.
151. ◉ bubbles.
152. Answer: What is a visible product in the catalase test?
153.
154. ◉ true.
155. Answer: T/F
GUIDE 2026
1. enzymes.
2. Answer: proteins that serve as biological catalysts
3.
4. ◉ substrate.
5. Answer: substance that reacts with an enzyme
6.
7. ◉ one.
8. Answer: generally, how many substrates may an enzyme react with?
9.
10. ◉ extracellular enzymes.
11. Answer: enzymes that act outside of the cell in which they are produced
12.
13. ◉ degrade large molecules into units that are small enough to be transported by
proteins across the cell membrane and into the cell where they may be used.
14. Answer: Generally, how are extracellular enzymes useful?
15.
16. ◉ endoenzymes.
17. Answer: act inside of the cell to synthesize molecules that are needed by the cell
OR degrade molecules to simpler molecules, releasing energy
18.
19. ◉ inducible.
20. Answer: type of enzyme that is only produced when a substrate is available
21.
22. ◉ constitutive.
23. Answer: type of enzyme that are essential to the cell and produced at all times
24.
25. ◉ morphology.
26. Answer: cell size, shape, and arrangement of a bacterium
27.
28. ◉ physiology.
29. Answer: how an organism functions in an environment; its metabolic capabilities..
enzymes produced and biochemical reactions
30.
31. ◉ oxidase and catalase.
32. Answer: What two enzymes are made by organisms that produce energy using
aerobic respiration?
33.
34. ◉ molecular oxygen.
,35. Answer: in aerobic respiration, what serves as the final electron acceptor of the
electron transport chain
36.
37. ◉ cytochrome oxidase.
38. Answer: oxygen accepts an electron from what protein in the electron transport
chain during aerobic respiration?
39.
40. ◉ cytochrome c oxidase.
41. Answer: What is tested for in an oxidase assay?
42.
43. ◉ facultative aerobes.
44. Answer: Many oxidase negative organisms are what in terms of oxygen use?
45.
46. ◉ toxic byproducts.
47. Answer: What are produced by the reduction of oxygen?
48.
49. ◉ B.
50. Answer: An organism's catalase production gives you information about what?
51. A) its optimal osmotic environment
52. B) Reduction of O2 during respiration
53. C) the presence of nitrate reductase in the cell
54. D) fermentation properties
55.
56. ◉ true.
57. Answer: T/F
58. a microscope slide is a convenient surface to perform a catalase test
59.
60. ◉ B.
61. Answer: Cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme at the end of
62. A) glycolysis
63. B) the electron transport chain
64. C) fermentation
65.
66. ◉ true.
67. Answer: T/F
68. Dark-dier mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii lacks a fundamental cytochrome
oxidase for aerobic respiration
69.
70. ◉ true.
71. Answer: T/F
72. Dark-dier mutant of C. reinhardtii cannot use acetate in the dark for aerobic
respiration
73.
74. ◉ true.
75. Answer: T/F
76. dark-dier mutant of C. reinhardtii can grow on minimal media
,77.
78. ◉ false.
79. Answer: T/F
80. dark-dier mutant of C. reinhardtii is an anoxygenic phototroph
81.
82. ◉ B.
83. Answer: Which of the following describes how you will inoculate an HA plate to
test the effects of mutation on oxidase function?
84.
85. A) plate wild-type chlamys on one plate and dk mutant on another plate
86. B) divide the plate in half, placing wild type chlamy on one side and dk mutant on
the other side
87. C) streak plate
88. D) pour plate
89.
90. ◉ true.
91. Answer: T/F
92. denitrification by soil microbes depletes the soil of nitrogen
93.
94. ◉ A.
95. Answer: Which of the following are inoculated to test for nitrate reduction?
96.
97. A) a nitrate broth with durham assembly
98. B) N-free broth
99. C) citrate slant
100. D) nitrite broth
101.
102. ◉ false.
103. Answer: T/F
104. To perform the catalase test, add a drop of water to the slide to mix with
the bacteria
105.
106. ◉ molecular oxygen serves as the electron acceptor.
107. Answer: How is aerobic respiration distinguished form anaerobic
respiration?
108.
109. ◉ false.
110. Answer: T/F
111. wild-type C. reinhardtii cannot use acetate in the dark for aerobic
respiration
112.
113. ◉ true.
114. Answer: T/F
115. an organism is doing anaerobic respiration if it uses nitrate at the end of
the electron transport chain as the final electron acceptor
116.
, 117. ◉ false.
118. Answer: T/F
119. the positive control tube for nitrate reduction is inoculated with both E. Coli
and P. denitrificans
120.
121. ◉ microscope slide.
122. Answer: on what surface will you be placing the bacteria for the catalase
test in lab?
123.
124. ◉ false.
125. Answer: T/F
126. oxidase enzymes are made by organisms that produce energy using
anaerobic respiration
127.
128. ◉ false.
129. Answer: T/F
130. cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme that can catalyze the reduction of a
cytochrome and the subsequent oxidation of molecular oxygen to either water or
hydrogen peroxide
131.
132. ◉ true.
133. Answer: T/F
134. organisms from the genera Pseudomonas are considered oxidase positive
135.
136. ◉ false.
137. Answer: T/F
138. organisms from the genera Escherichia are considered oxidase positive
139.
140. ◉ false.
141. Answer: T/F
142. the reagent ferrous ammonium sulfate can be used to test an organism's
ability to produce cytochrome oxidase
143.
144. ◉ true.
145. Answer: T/F
146. dark-dier mutant C. reinhardtii is an oxygenic phototroph
147.
148. ◉ dinitrogenase reductase and dinitrogenase.
149. Answer: Which two enzymes are used by some bacteria to convert
nitrogen gas into organic nitrogen
150.
151. ◉ bubbles.
152. Answer: What is a visible product in the catalase test?
153.
154. ◉ true.
155. Answer: T/F
