ASU NTR 241 Exam 1Questions And Answers Well Elaborated.

Define the term nutrition - correct answers the science that deals with food and the nutrients it contains. Discuss why nutrition is important for health. - correct answers Supports the dimensions of wellness Identify the six classes of nutrients for health and describe their functions. - correct answers MACRONUTRIENTS Carbohydrates-primary fuel source for the body and brain Fats and Oil (lipid)- main energy source during rest or low to moderate; intensity exercise Proteins-building new cells/ tissue, maintaining bone, repairing damage and regulating metabolism fluid balance. Water- A vital inorganic nutrient supporting all body process MICRONUTRIENTS vitamins- Organic compounds that assist in regulating body processes. Mineral- Inorganic substance required for body processes. Distinguish between the six types of DRIs for nutrients. - correct answers DRIs for most nutrients EAR RDA AI UL DRIs for energy and macro nutrients EER AMDR Describe the tool nutrition professionals use for gathering data related to one's nutritional status and diet. - correct answers ? Know the four steps of the scientific method. - correct answers Observation Hypothesis Experiment Theory Review the different types of research studies. - correct answers ? Be able to identify nutrition quackery and sources with reliable nutrition info. - correct answers .edu .org .gov Define the components of a healthful diet. - correct answers Adequacy- Diet provides enough energy, nutrients, fiber, and vitamins to maintain a person's health Moderation- eating any foods in moderate amounts ( not too much and not too little ) Balance - Diet contains the combinations of foods that provide the proper proportions of nutrients. Variety- Eating many different foods from the different food groups on a regular basis. Be able to understand and interpret a food label. - correct answers 1) Statement of identity 2) Net Contents of package 3) Ingredient list 4) Information of food manufacturer, packer, or distributor 5) Nutrition information Understand and identify the different food label claims. - correct answers Health Claims- Always link a nutrients with a disease or health condition, and regulated by the FDA ex)"Healthful diet with adequate folate many reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect Structure-function Claim Made without FDA approval, proof, or guarantees that any benefits are true. Cannot make a statements about diseases. ex) "Promotes healthy bones" "Improves memory" Understand the difference between high nutrient density vs low nutrient density. - correct answers foods/nutrients of concern -Sodium -Fat -sugars -Alcohol Healthful food -fruits and vegetable -whole grains -low fat or fat-free Know the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. - correct answers 1) Promote health 2) Reduce risk of chronic disease 3) Reduce prevalence o f obesity/overweight Know the five food groups in the USDA Food Patterns and the key messages of each. - correct answers -Grains -Vegetables -Fruits -Milk -Protein foods Compare MyPlate to the Mediterranean diet. - correct answers -Diet is high in fiber, rich in nutrients and relatively low in unhealthy fats and sugars -May reduce the risk for obesity, heart disease and some cancers -Mediterranean country eats more fish. Define empty calories - correct answers -Calories from solid fats and/ or added sugars that provide few or no nutrients - Amount allowed depends on age, gender, and level of physical activity ex) cakes, cookies, pastries, and doughnut, soft drinks, sausages, and ice cream Discuss ways in which technology can help design a healthful diet. - correct answers search in internet to see the calories(?) Know the tools for dining out smart - correct answers See the nutritional values of foods Know the difference between hunger and appetite. - correct answers Hunger -physiological drive for food -Controlled by the hypothalamus -influenced by size + composition of a meal, normal eating pattern exercise, hormones, illness Appetite -Psychological desire to consume specific foods -Aroused by environmental cues (sight, smell, thought or taste of food) Describe the contributions of each organ of the GI-tract regarding digestion, absorption, and the elimination of food. - correct answers 1)Mouth 2)Stomach 3)Small intestine 4)large intestine Digestion in Mouth - correct answers -Cephalic phase (earliest phase) -Saliva (contains digestive juices secreted by the salivary gland in the mouth) -Bolus -Epiglottis (후두개) -Esophagus (식도) -Peristalsis (연동운동)(Wave like movement that propels contents through the GI tract Digestion in Stomach - correct answers -Chyme (bolus mixed with gastric juices) -Mucus (protects the stomach lining from the acid in the gastric juices) -Bicarbonate (neutralizes stomach acid) -Pyloric valve (regulates movement of chyme) -Gastric Juice (Parietal cells secrete HCl) (Chief cells secrete pepsinogen (enzyme "pepsin" digests proteins) Digestion in Small intestine - correct answers -Most digestion and absorption take place -Small intestine is composed of three sections (Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum) Digestion in Large intestine - correct answers - 5 ft in length -bacteria assist with final digestion -Main function (store undigested food materials, absorb water, electrolytes, and short-chain fatty acids(acetic acid, prop ionic acid and butyric acid) the primary role of the enzymes in digestion. - correct answers Enzymes guide digestion via hydrolysis Enzymes are specific to carbohydrate, protein, and fat digestion Carbohydrate: Carbohydrases Protein: Proteases Fat: Lipases the primary role of the hormones in digestion. - correct answers Gastrin - Stimulates secretion of HCl and Pepsinogen -Stimulates gastric motility -Promotes growth of gastric mucosal cells Secretin -Stimulate secretion of bicarbonate -Slows gastric motility Cholecystokinin (CCK) -Contracts gallbladder -Stimulates Pancreatic enzyme secreation -Slows gastric emptying Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) -Halts HCl release and slows emptying -Stimulates insulin release Understand the three mechanisms of absorption. - correct answers -Passive diffusion (no use of a carrier or energy) -Facilitated diffusion (requires a carrier protein) -Active transport (Requires energy and a protein carrier) Know the difference between probiotics and prebiotics. - correct answers Probiotics-The live bacteria in yogurt, other dairy products, and pills. Prebiotics- specialized plant fiber that beneficially nourishes the good bacteria already in the large bowel or colon. Understand the various types of digestive disorders discussed in this chapter. - correct answers Digestive Disorders-The lining of the stomach is designed to coped with HCl, but other regions of the GI tract are not. -Heartburn -Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Ex) Achalasia, Peptic Ulcer Disease (위 궤양 family history, age over 50,alcohol, stress, and smoking), Vomiting, Cyclic Vomiting syndrome (CVS), Diarrhea, Dehydration, constipation(변비), Celiac disease (소아 지방병증), Diverticulosis, Crohn's disease(크론병), ulcerative colitis (궤양성 대장염)