BIOL 235 - CHAPTER 19: KIDNEYS
# Term Definition
1 Kidney Functions 1. regulation of ECF volume and BP 2. regulation
of osmolarity 3. maintenance of ion balance 4.
homeostatic regulation of pH 5. excretion of
waste 6. production of hormones
2 Urinary System Organs Kidneys (2) Ureters (2) Urinary bladder Urethra
3 Kidney Regions Renal Capsule: external layer Renal Cortex: outer
region Renal Medulla: mid region (pyramids and
columns)
4 Blood Pathway in Kidney Interlobar artery Afferent arteriole Glomerulus
(capillary) Efferent arteriole (portal system)
Peritubular capillaries Venule
5 Portal System of Kidney Artery joins to capillary beds together Efferent
arteriole joins glomerulus and peritubular
capillaries.
6 Nephrons Functional structure of kidney ~ 1million/kidney 2
Types: - cortical and juxtamedullary
7 Cortical Nephrons Located w/in cortex ~ 80% of human nephrons 2
capillaries - peritubular, no vasa recta
8 Juxtamedullary Nephrons Located near medulla ~ 20% of human nephrons
3 capillaries (w/ vasa recta) Longer loop of Henle
Allows for greater concentration of urine
9 Parts of the Nephron Glomerulus Proximal Tubule Loop of Henle -
descending LOH - ascending LOH Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct Ureter
10 Glomerulus Receives blood from afferent arteriole.
Fenestrated capillary w/ podocytes Filters blood
of: 1) ions 2) H2O 3) organic molecules 4) glucose
5) aa's 6) toxins
11 Proximal Tubule Exits Bowman's capsule Leads to descending
LOH Functions: - Reabsorption (organic nutrients,
ions, H2O) - Only place for reabsorb of glucose -
Secretion (ions, drugs)
# Term Definition
1 Kidney Functions 1. regulation of ECF volume and BP 2. regulation
of osmolarity 3. maintenance of ion balance 4.
homeostatic regulation of pH 5. excretion of
waste 6. production of hormones
2 Urinary System Organs Kidneys (2) Ureters (2) Urinary bladder Urethra
3 Kidney Regions Renal Capsule: external layer Renal Cortex: outer
region Renal Medulla: mid region (pyramids and
columns)
4 Blood Pathway in Kidney Interlobar artery Afferent arteriole Glomerulus
(capillary) Efferent arteriole (portal system)
Peritubular capillaries Venule
5 Portal System of Kidney Artery joins to capillary beds together Efferent
arteriole joins glomerulus and peritubular
capillaries.
6 Nephrons Functional structure of kidney ~ 1million/kidney 2
Types: - cortical and juxtamedullary
7 Cortical Nephrons Located w/in cortex ~ 80% of human nephrons 2
capillaries - peritubular, no vasa recta
8 Juxtamedullary Nephrons Located near medulla ~ 20% of human nephrons
3 capillaries (w/ vasa recta) Longer loop of Henle
Allows for greater concentration of urine
9 Parts of the Nephron Glomerulus Proximal Tubule Loop of Henle -
descending LOH - ascending LOH Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct Ureter
10 Glomerulus Receives blood from afferent arteriole.
Fenestrated capillary w/ podocytes Filters blood
of: 1) ions 2) H2O 3) organic molecules 4) glucose
5) aa's 6) toxins
11 Proximal Tubule Exits Bowman's capsule Leads to descending
LOH Functions: - Reabsorption (organic nutrients,
ions, H2O) - Only place for reabsorb of glucose -
Secretion (ions, drugs)
