BIOLOGY
Test 4
Chapters 39, 40, 41, 42
# Term Definition
1 _____ is the systematic study of Ecology
how organisms interact with one
another and with their physical
and chemical environment.
2 When studying a population, Demographics
ecologists consider the _____, or
vital statistics, of a population.
3 _____ is the number of individuals Population Size
that contribute to the
population's gene pool.
4 A population's _____ is the Age Structure
number of individuals in each of
several to many age categories.
5 Pre-reporductive, reproductive, Age Sturcture
and post-reproductive are
examples of _____.
6 The pre-reproductive and Reproductive Base
reproductive categories would
make up the _____ of the
population.
7 _____ is the number of individuals Population Density
in some specified area or volume
of a habitat.
8 The place where a species Habitat
normally lives
9 _____ is the genereal pattern in Population Distribution
which a population's individuals
are dispersed in a specified area.
10 Three types of population 1. Clumping 2. Uniform 3. Random
distribution
,BIOLOGY
# Term Definition
11 Each species is adapted to a Clumping
limited set of ecological
conditions.
12 Many animal species gather in Clumping
social groups that give
advantages in terms of survival
and reproduction.
13 Most common pattern of Clumping
dispersion.
14 _____ distribution is not very Uniform
common in nature.
15 May occur where the habitat Uniform
conditions are fairly uniform and
where there is fierce competition
for resources or territorial
behavior.
16 May occur where the habitat Uniform
conditions are vairly uniform and
where there is fierce competition
for resources or territorial
behavior.
17 _____ dispersion is extremely rare Random
in nature.
18 Occurs when habitat conditions Random
are nearly uniform, resource
availability is fairly steady, and
individuals of the population
neither attract nor avoid one
another.
19 Population size increases as a Birth and Immigration
result of _____ and _____.
20 The arrival of new residents from Immigration
other populations of the species.
,BIOLOGY
# Term Definition
21 Population size decreases as a Deaths and Emigration
result of _____ and _____.
22 Individuals permanently moving Emigration
out of the population.
23 Some interval during which the Zero Population Growth
number of births is balanced out
by the numbers of deaths.
24 The length of tim it takes for a Doubling Time
population to double in size is
the _____.
25 The _____ of a population is the Biotic Potential
maximum rate of increase per
individual under ideal conditions.
26 Actual rate depends on three 1. Age at which reproduction starts. 2. How
things often each individual reproduces. 3. How many
offspring are produced.
27 The _______ rate depends on the Actual
age at onset of reproduction,
how frequently the individuals
are reproducing, and how many
offspring are rpduced over a
lifetime.
28 During a _______, population size Specific Interval
is generally an outcome of births,
deaths, immigration, and
emigration.
29 With _______, the growth rate Exponential Growth
increases over time as the
reproductive base becomes even
larger.
30 As long as the per capita birth Exponentially
rate remains above the per
capita death rate, a population
will grow _______.
, BIOLOGY
# Term Definition
31 Environmental circumstances Biotic Potential
keep a population from fulfilling
its _______.
32 Any essential resource that is in Limiting Factor
short supply is a _______ on
population growth.
33 _______ is the maximum number Carry Capacity.
of individuals of a population
that a given environment can
sustain indefinitely.
34 The patter of _______ shows how Logistic Growth
carrying capacity can affect
population size.
35 Bubonic plague and pneumonic Density-Dependent Controls
plague are examples of _______.
36 The effects of these factors come Density-Independent Factors
into play independent of
population density.
37 Weather conditions and Density-Independent Factors
applications of pesticides are
examples of _______.
38 _______ follow the fate of a group Life Tables
of newborn individuals through
their lives to calculate
survivorship schedules.
39 _______ list data such as age Life Tables
interval, survivorship, mortality,
and life expectancy.
40 Three types of survivorship Type I: reflects high survivorship until fairly late
curves inlife, when deaths increase greatly. Type II:
Reflect a fairly constant death rate at all ages.
Type III: Reflect a death rate that is highest early
in life.
41 Human Population 6 billion
Test 4
Chapters 39, 40, 41, 42
# Term Definition
1 _____ is the systematic study of Ecology
how organisms interact with one
another and with their physical
and chemical environment.
2 When studying a population, Demographics
ecologists consider the _____, or
vital statistics, of a population.
3 _____ is the number of individuals Population Size
that contribute to the
population's gene pool.
4 A population's _____ is the Age Structure
number of individuals in each of
several to many age categories.
5 Pre-reporductive, reproductive, Age Sturcture
and post-reproductive are
examples of _____.
6 The pre-reproductive and Reproductive Base
reproductive categories would
make up the _____ of the
population.
7 _____ is the number of individuals Population Density
in some specified area or volume
of a habitat.
8 The place where a species Habitat
normally lives
9 _____ is the genereal pattern in Population Distribution
which a population's individuals
are dispersed in a specified area.
10 Three types of population 1. Clumping 2. Uniform 3. Random
distribution
,BIOLOGY
# Term Definition
11 Each species is adapted to a Clumping
limited set of ecological
conditions.
12 Many animal species gather in Clumping
social groups that give
advantages in terms of survival
and reproduction.
13 Most common pattern of Clumping
dispersion.
14 _____ distribution is not very Uniform
common in nature.
15 May occur where the habitat Uniform
conditions are fairly uniform and
where there is fierce competition
for resources or territorial
behavior.
16 May occur where the habitat Uniform
conditions are vairly uniform and
where there is fierce competition
for resources or territorial
behavior.
17 _____ dispersion is extremely rare Random
in nature.
18 Occurs when habitat conditions Random
are nearly uniform, resource
availability is fairly steady, and
individuals of the population
neither attract nor avoid one
another.
19 Population size increases as a Birth and Immigration
result of _____ and _____.
20 The arrival of new residents from Immigration
other populations of the species.
,BIOLOGY
# Term Definition
21 Population size decreases as a Deaths and Emigration
result of _____ and _____.
22 Individuals permanently moving Emigration
out of the population.
23 Some interval during which the Zero Population Growth
number of births is balanced out
by the numbers of deaths.
24 The length of tim it takes for a Doubling Time
population to double in size is
the _____.
25 The _____ of a population is the Biotic Potential
maximum rate of increase per
individual under ideal conditions.
26 Actual rate depends on three 1. Age at which reproduction starts. 2. How
things often each individual reproduces. 3. How many
offspring are produced.
27 The _______ rate depends on the Actual
age at onset of reproduction,
how frequently the individuals
are reproducing, and how many
offspring are rpduced over a
lifetime.
28 During a _______, population size Specific Interval
is generally an outcome of births,
deaths, immigration, and
emigration.
29 With _______, the growth rate Exponential Growth
increases over time as the
reproductive base becomes even
larger.
30 As long as the per capita birth Exponentially
rate remains above the per
capita death rate, a population
will grow _______.
, BIOLOGY
# Term Definition
31 Environmental circumstances Biotic Potential
keep a population from fulfilling
its _______.
32 Any essential resource that is in Limiting Factor
short supply is a _______ on
population growth.
33 _______ is the maximum number Carry Capacity.
of individuals of a population
that a given environment can
sustain indefinitely.
34 The patter of _______ shows how Logistic Growth
carrying capacity can affect
population size.
35 Bubonic plague and pneumonic Density-Dependent Controls
plague are examples of _______.
36 The effects of these factors come Density-Independent Factors
into play independent of
population density.
37 Weather conditions and Density-Independent Factors
applications of pesticides are
examples of _______.
38 _______ follow the fate of a group Life Tables
of newborn individuals through
their lives to calculate
survivorship schedules.
39 _______ list data such as age Life Tables
interval, survivorship, mortality,
and life expectancy.
40 Three types of survivorship Type I: reflects high survivorship until fairly late
curves inlife, when deaths increase greatly. Type II:
Reflect a fairly constant death rate at all ages.
Type III: Reflect a death rate that is highest early
in life.
41 Human Population 6 billion
