WSU BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 2 CORE GENETICS
AND CELLULAR PROCESSES REVIEW 2026
◉ Pilobolus.
Answer: aim their sporangia to the light
◉ Glomeromycetes.
Answer: Arbuscular mycorrhizae
Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
◉ Mycorrhizae.
Answer: -"fungus roots"
-delivers minerals and receives organic nutrients
-increase plant productivity
-strong added benefit to plants
◉ Ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Answer: grow in extracellular spaces of roots
◉ Endomycorrihizal fungi.
Answer: hyphae go through cell wall to plasma membrane
,◉ Ascomycetes.
Answer: -produce saclike asci contained in fruiting bodies called
ascocarps
◉ Ascocarps.
Answer: cup like structures that produce spores
◉ Basidiomycetes.
Answer: -Decomposers of wood
-mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, mycorrhizae, plant parasites
◉ Decomposers.
Answer: essential recycling between living and nonliving world
◉ Fungus plant symbiosis.
Answer: mycorrhizae
◉ Fungus animal symbiosis.
Answer: help break down plant material
◉ Lichens.
, Answer: symbiotic association of photosynthetic microorganisms
held in fungal hyphae
◉ Algae or cyanobacteria.
Answer: occupy an inner layer below lichen surface
◉ Pathogens.
Answer: parasites in or on plants, 30% of known fungal species
◉ Practical uses of fungi.
Answer: -make cheese, alc, bread
-genetic research on fungi is leading to applications in biotechnology
-antibiotics produced by fungi treat bacterial infections
◉ Derived traits of land plants.
Answer: -apical meristems
-alternation of generations (diploid to haploid)
-walled spores produced in sporangia
-multicellular gametangia
-multicellular dependent embryos
◉ Gametophyte.
AND CELLULAR PROCESSES REVIEW 2026
◉ Pilobolus.
Answer: aim their sporangia to the light
◉ Glomeromycetes.
Answer: Arbuscular mycorrhizae
Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
◉ Mycorrhizae.
Answer: -"fungus roots"
-delivers minerals and receives organic nutrients
-increase plant productivity
-strong added benefit to plants
◉ Ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Answer: grow in extracellular spaces of roots
◉ Endomycorrihizal fungi.
Answer: hyphae go through cell wall to plasma membrane
,◉ Ascomycetes.
Answer: -produce saclike asci contained in fruiting bodies called
ascocarps
◉ Ascocarps.
Answer: cup like structures that produce spores
◉ Basidiomycetes.
Answer: -Decomposers of wood
-mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, mycorrhizae, plant parasites
◉ Decomposers.
Answer: essential recycling between living and nonliving world
◉ Fungus plant symbiosis.
Answer: mycorrhizae
◉ Fungus animal symbiosis.
Answer: help break down plant material
◉ Lichens.
, Answer: symbiotic association of photosynthetic microorganisms
held in fungal hyphae
◉ Algae or cyanobacteria.
Answer: occupy an inner layer below lichen surface
◉ Pathogens.
Answer: parasites in or on plants, 30% of known fungal species
◉ Practical uses of fungi.
Answer: -make cheese, alc, bread
-genetic research on fungi is leading to applications in biotechnology
-antibiotics produced by fungi treat bacterial infections
◉ Derived traits of land plants.
Answer: -apical meristems
-alternation of generations (diploid to haploid)
-walled spores produced in sporangia
-multicellular gametangia
-multicellular dependent embryos
◉ Gametophyte.
