WSET DIPLOMA D2 REVIEW SHEET FULL
SOLUTION ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED RESPONSES ALREADY PASSED
⩥ describe cordon training.
Answer: - typically a trunk and one or more permanent horizontal arms
of permanent wood cordons
- usually spur-pruned
- takes longer to establish than head training due to the amount of
permanent wood
⩥ define spur pruning.
Answer: short sections of one-year-old wood (the shoots from the last
growing season that have lignified) that have been cut back to only two
or three buds
- can either be distributed along a cordon (cordon training) or around the
top of the trunk (head training)
- easier to carry out than replacement cane pruning and can often be
mechanized
⩥ define replacement cane pruning.
Answer: - longer sections of one-year-old wood with anything between 8
and 20 buds, typically laid down horizontally and need tying to a trellis
for support and positioning
,- more complex than spur pruning and requires a skilled labor force to
pick suitable canes and train them
⩥ what are the benefits and detriments of untrellised vines?.
Answer: - simple & inexpensive, provides shade
- not possible to mechanize, canopy can become too dense
⩥ what are the two types of frosts?.
Answer: - advective: large volumes of cold air moving in from very cold
areas
- radiative: heat being lost on still, cool nights, Windless nights will
allow a layer of freezing cold air to develop just above the surface of the
soil
⩥ how do growers reduce the risk of frost damage in advance?.
Answer: - site selection
- delaying pruning
- late-budding varieties
- high training
- bare soils between the vines
⩥ how do growers reduce the risk of frost damage when frost threatens?.
Answer: - sprinklers
,- turbines
- heaters
⩥ how do growers deal with hail?.
Answer: - cloud rockets
- nets
- diversity of sites
- insurance
⩥ how can winemakers deal with smoke taint?.
Answer: - analysis pre-harvest
- gentle handling of grapes
- low fermentation Temp
- flash detente, reverse osmosis
- blending with unaffected wines
⩥ what are the symptoms of phylloxera infestation?.
Answer: - Vines die of drought in patches that increase in size year by
year
- Vine roots are covered with the insects surrounded by yellow eggs
- Swellings on older roots
- Pale green leaf galls on the under-surface of the leaves
, - Slow, stunted shoot growth and leaf yellowing appears in around 3
years, the plant dies after around 5 years
⩥ what are the two most commonly occurring nematodes?.
Answer: root-knot and dagger
⩥ how can grape moths be managed?.
Answer: - the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (which produces
substances that are toxic to the moths)
- use of pheromone capsules to disrupt mating ('sexual confusion')
- natural predators (parasitic wasps, green lacewings, some spider
species)
- insecticides
⩥ how can spider mites be managed?.
Answer: - Make the environment inhospitable by the use of water
sprinklers and/or cover crops or mulches to reduce dust
- Encourage predatory mites (by planting host species) that feed on
spider mites
- General pesticides may kill beneficial predatory mites. Specific sprays
can be applied to kill only the mites that are problematic in the vineyard,
but this can add to costs.
⩥ what is the scientific name of powdery mildew?.
SOLUTION ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED RESPONSES ALREADY PASSED
⩥ describe cordon training.
Answer: - typically a trunk and one or more permanent horizontal arms
of permanent wood cordons
- usually spur-pruned
- takes longer to establish than head training due to the amount of
permanent wood
⩥ define spur pruning.
Answer: short sections of one-year-old wood (the shoots from the last
growing season that have lignified) that have been cut back to only two
or three buds
- can either be distributed along a cordon (cordon training) or around the
top of the trunk (head training)
- easier to carry out than replacement cane pruning and can often be
mechanized
⩥ define replacement cane pruning.
Answer: - longer sections of one-year-old wood with anything between 8
and 20 buds, typically laid down horizontally and need tying to a trellis
for support and positioning
,- more complex than spur pruning and requires a skilled labor force to
pick suitable canes and train them
⩥ what are the benefits and detriments of untrellised vines?.
Answer: - simple & inexpensive, provides shade
- not possible to mechanize, canopy can become too dense
⩥ what are the two types of frosts?.
Answer: - advective: large volumes of cold air moving in from very cold
areas
- radiative: heat being lost on still, cool nights, Windless nights will
allow a layer of freezing cold air to develop just above the surface of the
soil
⩥ how do growers reduce the risk of frost damage in advance?.
Answer: - site selection
- delaying pruning
- late-budding varieties
- high training
- bare soils between the vines
⩥ how do growers reduce the risk of frost damage when frost threatens?.
Answer: - sprinklers
,- turbines
- heaters
⩥ how do growers deal with hail?.
Answer: - cloud rockets
- nets
- diversity of sites
- insurance
⩥ how can winemakers deal with smoke taint?.
Answer: - analysis pre-harvest
- gentle handling of grapes
- low fermentation Temp
- flash detente, reverse osmosis
- blending with unaffected wines
⩥ what are the symptoms of phylloxera infestation?.
Answer: - Vines die of drought in patches that increase in size year by
year
- Vine roots are covered with the insects surrounded by yellow eggs
- Swellings on older roots
- Pale green leaf galls on the under-surface of the leaves
, - Slow, stunted shoot growth and leaf yellowing appears in around 3
years, the plant dies after around 5 years
⩥ what are the two most commonly occurring nematodes?.
Answer: root-knot and dagger
⩥ how can grape moths be managed?.
Answer: - the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (which produces
substances that are toxic to the moths)
- use of pheromone capsules to disrupt mating ('sexual confusion')
- natural predators (parasitic wasps, green lacewings, some spider
species)
- insecticides
⩥ how can spider mites be managed?.
Answer: - Make the environment inhospitable by the use of water
sprinklers and/or cover crops or mulches to reduce dust
- Encourage predatory mites (by planting host species) that feed on
spider mites
- General pesticides may kill beneficial predatory mites. Specific sprays
can be applied to kill only the mites that are problematic in the vineyard,
but this can add to costs.
⩥ what is the scientific name of powdery mildew?.
