Advanced Pathophysiology: Exam 1 Questions And Answers
2025/2026
*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* - CORRECT ANSWER-
Risk - CORRECT ANSWER-Factor that when present increases the chance of
disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER-A measure of disease that allows us to determine
a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent
cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence
rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by
the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER-A measure of disease that allows us to determine a
person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of
time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease.
An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number
of persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
,Ratio - CORRECT ANSWER-The quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-Altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Secondary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-Early detection, screening, and
management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Tertiary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing
disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
,Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-study of the patterns of disease involving
populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and
distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
Endemic - CORRECT ANSWER-A disease theat is native to a local region
Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWER-When a disease is disseninated to many individals
at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
Pandemic - CORRECT ANSWER-Epidemics that affect large geographic regions,
perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
*Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors* - CORRECT
ANSWER-
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER-A state of being in which all systems are in
balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
Exhausation - CORRECT ANSWER-Point where body can no longer return to
homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
, Allostatic Overload - CORRECT ANSWER-"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an
excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear"
on the body
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER-Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in
response to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping
mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Arousal - CORRECT ANSWER-Includes alterations in responsiveness to
homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes
in motor activity
Function of Cortisol - CORRECT ANSWER-Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
*Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function* - CORRECT ANSWER-
2025/2026
*Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology* - CORRECT ANSWER-
Risk - CORRECT ANSWER-Factor that when present increases the chance of
disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER-A measure of disease that allows us to determine
a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent
cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence
rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by
the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER-A measure of disease that allows us to determine a
person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given period of
time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease.
An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number
of persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
,Ratio - CORRECT ANSWER-The quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-Altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Secondary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-Early detection, screening, and
management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Tertiary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing
disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
,Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-study of the patterns of disease involving
populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and
distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
Endemic - CORRECT ANSWER-A disease theat is native to a local region
Epidemic - CORRECT ANSWER-When a disease is disseninated to many individals
at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
Pandemic - CORRECT ANSWER-Epidemics that affect large geographic regions,
perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
*Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors* - CORRECT
ANSWER-
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER-A state of being in which all systems are in
balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
Exhausation - CORRECT ANSWER-Point where body can no longer return to
homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
, Allostatic Overload - CORRECT ANSWER-"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an
excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and tear"
on the body
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER-Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in
response to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping
mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Arousal - CORRECT ANSWER-Includes alterations in responsiveness to
homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes
in motor activity
Function of Cortisol - CORRECT ANSWER-Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
*Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function* - CORRECT ANSWER-
