MSN570 STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWER DIGEST
◉hemophilia labs. Answer: -Normal PT with prolonged PTT**
-Decreased Factor VIII in Hemophilia A
-Decreased Factor IX in B
-Normal platelet count in both
◉hemophilia genetics. Answer: Females carriers, males exclusively
affected
Long arm of X chromosome
Unaffected mothers give to 50% of sons
◉hemophilia complications. Answer: Intracranial hemorrhage in
neonates
Joint bleed (hemarthrosis)- pain
Anemia
Early/infant death, increasing death risk with age
Blood-borne infection
Pseudotumors
,◉hemophilia treatment. Answer: clotting factor transfusions,
recombinant clotting factors, desmopressin (DDAVP), and bleed
precautions
◉gallbladder role. Answer: stores and concentrates bile
◉cholecystitis. Answer: inflammation of the gallbladder
◉cholelithiasis. Answer: gallstones
◉cholecystitis referred pain. Answer: right shoulder from
stimulation of phrenic nerve
◉cholesterol gallstone. Answer: most common type of gallstone
◉What are pigmented gallstones composed of?. Answer: Calcium
bilirubinate, bilirubin polymers, bile acids, iron, and phosphorus
◉What colors can pigmented gallstones be?. Answer: Black, dark
brown, yellow, or green
◉gallstone imaging. Answer: ultra sound
, ◉celiac genetics. Answer: HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 which are the
presenting parts of macrophages
◉Streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Answer: A child who has blood
in urine (tea-colored urine), proteinuria and recent history of strep
B infection is suspected of having:
◉Streptococcal glomerulonephritis blood. Answer: blood work is
expected to show elevated results in protein levels, serum creatine
and blood urea nitrogen levels; results also show hyperkalemia and
hyponatremia
◉Streptococcal glomerulonephritis urine. Answer: hematuria,
proteinuria, white blood cells, hyaline and cellular casts
◉post streptococcal infection the immune system. Answer: release
of cytokines, oxidants, proteases and growth factor creating
inflammation, altering membrane permeability causing fluid
retention that can lead to hypertension.
◉diabetes insepidus. Answer: A condition caused by insufficient
production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of
the kidneys to respond to ADH.
COMPREHENSIVE ANSWER DIGEST
◉hemophilia labs. Answer: -Normal PT with prolonged PTT**
-Decreased Factor VIII in Hemophilia A
-Decreased Factor IX in B
-Normal platelet count in both
◉hemophilia genetics. Answer: Females carriers, males exclusively
affected
Long arm of X chromosome
Unaffected mothers give to 50% of sons
◉hemophilia complications. Answer: Intracranial hemorrhage in
neonates
Joint bleed (hemarthrosis)- pain
Anemia
Early/infant death, increasing death risk with age
Blood-borne infection
Pseudotumors
,◉hemophilia treatment. Answer: clotting factor transfusions,
recombinant clotting factors, desmopressin (DDAVP), and bleed
precautions
◉gallbladder role. Answer: stores and concentrates bile
◉cholecystitis. Answer: inflammation of the gallbladder
◉cholelithiasis. Answer: gallstones
◉cholecystitis referred pain. Answer: right shoulder from
stimulation of phrenic nerve
◉cholesterol gallstone. Answer: most common type of gallstone
◉What are pigmented gallstones composed of?. Answer: Calcium
bilirubinate, bilirubin polymers, bile acids, iron, and phosphorus
◉What colors can pigmented gallstones be?. Answer: Black, dark
brown, yellow, or green
◉gallstone imaging. Answer: ultra sound
, ◉celiac genetics. Answer: HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 which are the
presenting parts of macrophages
◉Streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Answer: A child who has blood
in urine (tea-colored urine), proteinuria and recent history of strep
B infection is suspected of having:
◉Streptococcal glomerulonephritis blood. Answer: blood work is
expected to show elevated results in protein levels, serum creatine
and blood urea nitrogen levels; results also show hyperkalemia and
hyponatremia
◉Streptococcal glomerulonephritis urine. Answer: hematuria,
proteinuria, white blood cells, hyaline and cellular casts
◉post streptococcal infection the immune system. Answer: release
of cytokines, oxidants, proteases and growth factor creating
inflammation, altering membrane permeability causing fluid
retention that can lead to hypertension.
◉diabetes insepidus. Answer: A condition caused by insufficient
production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of
the kidneys to respond to ADH.
