NEUROCOGNITIVE AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS KEY CONCEPTS
AND NURSING CARE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a neurocognitive disorder? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓A disorder characterized by a significant
decline in cognitive function affecting daily life.
What are the two main types of neurocognitive disorders? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Delirium and
dementia.
How is delirium defined? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓A disturbance in attention and cognition that develops
over a short period.
What is dementia according to the American Psychiatric Association? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Significant
cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains.
What are some cognitive domains affected by dementia? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Complex attention,
executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, and social cognition.
What is the role of the nurse in caring for clients with neurocognitive disorders? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓To apply the nursing process and clinical judgment functions in providing care.
What are some common etiological factors for delirium? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Intoxication or
withdrawal from substances, stress, sleep deprivation, and emotional disturbances.
What are common comorbidities associated with delirium? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Dehydration,
electrolyte imbalance, infections, and metabolic disorders.
What is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Age.
What are amyloid plaques associated with? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Alzheimer's disease.
, What is a significant risk factor for vascular dementia? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Hypertension and
cerebrovascular events.
What characterizes Lewy Body Dementia? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓The presence of Lewy bodies in the
brain.
What genetic factors are associated with Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓Mutations in the MAPT, GRN, and C9ORF72 genes.
What are major clinical manifestations of dementia in executive function? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓Difficulty in planning and completing complex tasks.
What are common language difficulties in dementia? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Significant difficulties with
expressive or receptive language.
What are the major manifestations of dementia in social cognition? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Insensitivity
to social standards and unsafe decision-making.
What is required for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease according to DSM-5? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓Insidious onset, gradual progression, and impairment in at least two cognitive domains.
What is the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in older adults? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Increases from
0.5% at ages 65-69 to 3% at age 85 or older.
What are the major manifestations of dementia in learning/memory? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Repeating
oneself and difficulty keeping track of items.
What are the mild manifestations of dementia in complex attention? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Normal
tasks take longer and require more double-checking.
What is a common challenge in perceptual/motor skills for dementia patients? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓Difficulty with familiar activities and environments.
AND NURSING CARE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a neurocognitive disorder? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓A disorder characterized by a significant
decline in cognitive function affecting daily life.
What are the two main types of neurocognitive disorders? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Delirium and
dementia.
How is delirium defined? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓A disturbance in attention and cognition that develops
over a short period.
What is dementia according to the American Psychiatric Association? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Significant
cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains.
What are some cognitive domains affected by dementia? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Complex attention,
executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, and social cognition.
What is the role of the nurse in caring for clients with neurocognitive disorders? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓To apply the nursing process and clinical judgment functions in providing care.
What are some common etiological factors for delirium? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Intoxication or
withdrawal from substances, stress, sleep deprivation, and emotional disturbances.
What are common comorbidities associated with delirium? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Dehydration,
electrolyte imbalance, infections, and metabolic disorders.
What is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Age.
What are amyloid plaques associated with? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Alzheimer's disease.
, What is a significant risk factor for vascular dementia? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Hypertension and
cerebrovascular events.
What characterizes Lewy Body Dementia? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓The presence of Lewy bodies in the
brain.
What genetic factors are associated with Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓Mutations in the MAPT, GRN, and C9ORF72 genes.
What are major clinical manifestations of dementia in executive function? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓Difficulty in planning and completing complex tasks.
What are common language difficulties in dementia? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Significant difficulties with
expressive or receptive language.
What are the major manifestations of dementia in social cognition? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Insensitivity
to social standards and unsafe decision-making.
What is required for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease according to DSM-5? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓Insidious onset, gradual progression, and impairment in at least two cognitive domains.
What is the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in older adults? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Increases from
0.5% at ages 65-69 to 3% at age 85 or older.
What are the major manifestations of dementia in learning/memory? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Repeating
oneself and difficulty keeping track of items.
What are the mild manifestations of dementia in complex attention? CORRECT ANSWERS✓✓Normal
tasks take longer and require more double-checking.
What is a common challenge in perceptual/motor skills for dementia patients? CORRECT
ANSWERS✓✓Difficulty with familiar activities and environments.
