NSG 122 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS HESI FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A |STUDY GUIDE| INSTANT
DOWNLOAD PDF
### Core Domains
*- Patient-Centered Care and Advocacy*
*- Safety and Quality Improvement*
*- Evidence-Based Practice*
*- Infection Control and Safety Protocols*
*- Communication and Interprofessional Collaboration*
*- Health Assessment and Patient Monitoring*
*- Medication Administration and Pharmacology*
*- Nursing Interventions and Clinical Skills*
*- Ethics and Professional Standards*
*- Regulatory and Legal Compliance*
### Introduction
This comprehensive assessment evaluates foundational nursing knowledge essential for safe, effective patient
care. The exam assesses critical skills including clinical decision-making, patient advocacy, infection control,
medication safety, health assessment, and evidence-based practice principles. Designed with multiple-choice
and scenario-based questions, it emphasizes real-world application of fundamental concepts nurses
encounter daily. The test bank prepares students for HESI examination success by testing theoretical
knowledge alongside practical decision-making abilities required in contemporary healthcare settings. Each
question includes a detailed rationale to reinforce learning and clarify reasoning behind correct answers.
,Question 1
A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses to take their prescribed medication. What is the nurse's first action?
A. Force the medication to ensure treatment compliance
B. Document the refusal and notify the healthcare provider
C. Explain the consequences of not taking the medication
D. Ask the family to persuade the patient to take the medication
🟢 B. Document the refusal and notify the healthcare provider
🔴 RATIONALE: Patients have the right to refuse medication. The nurse must first document the refusal
accurately and notify the healthcare provider so alternative options can be considered. Forcing medication
violates patient rights, and while explaining consequences is important, documentation and provider
notification are the priority actions.
Question 2
Which infection control precaution is appropriate for a patient with active tuberculosis?
A. Standard precautions only
B. Contact precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Droplet precautions
,🟢 C. Airborne precautions
🔴 RATIONALE: Tuberculosis is transmitted through airborne particles and requires airborne precautions,
which include a negative-pressure room and N95 respirator. Contact precautions are for direct transmission,
and droplet precautions are for diseases like influenza that spread through larger droplets.
Question 3
A patient's blood pressure is 148/92 mmHg. What category does this blood pressure fall into?
A. Normal
B. Elevated
C. Stage 1 hypertension
D. Stage 2 hypertension
🟢 C. Stage 1 hypertension
🔴 RATIONALE: According to ACC/AHA guidelines, Stage 1 hypertension is defined as systolic 130-139 mmHg
or diastolic 80-89 mmHg. However, older guidelines classify 140-159/90-99 as Stage 1. With 148/92, this falls
into Stage 1 hypertension range, requiring monitoring and possible intervention.
, Question 4
Which action demonstrates proper sterile technique when changing a wound dressing?
A. Touching the inside of the sterile package with clean gloves
B. Keeping the sterile field below waist level
C. Reaching over the sterile field to grab supplies
D. Opening the sterile package away from the sterile field
🟢 D. Opening the sterile package away from the sterile field
🔴 RATIONALE: Opening sterile packages away from the sterile field prevents contamination. The sterile field
must be maintained at or above waist level, reaching over it causes contamination, and touching sterile contents
with clean gloves breaks sterile technique.
Question 5
A nurse is administering insulin. Which route is correct for insulin administration?
A. Intramuscular
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intravenous
D. Intradermal
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A |STUDY GUIDE| INSTANT
DOWNLOAD PDF
### Core Domains
*- Patient-Centered Care and Advocacy*
*- Safety and Quality Improvement*
*- Evidence-Based Practice*
*- Infection Control and Safety Protocols*
*- Communication and Interprofessional Collaboration*
*- Health Assessment and Patient Monitoring*
*- Medication Administration and Pharmacology*
*- Nursing Interventions and Clinical Skills*
*- Ethics and Professional Standards*
*- Regulatory and Legal Compliance*
### Introduction
This comprehensive assessment evaluates foundational nursing knowledge essential for safe, effective patient
care. The exam assesses critical skills including clinical decision-making, patient advocacy, infection control,
medication safety, health assessment, and evidence-based practice principles. Designed with multiple-choice
and scenario-based questions, it emphasizes real-world application of fundamental concepts nurses
encounter daily. The test bank prepares students for HESI examination success by testing theoretical
knowledge alongside practical decision-making abilities required in contemporary healthcare settings. Each
question includes a detailed rationale to reinforce learning and clarify reasoning behind correct answers.
,Question 1
A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses to take their prescribed medication. What is the nurse's first action?
A. Force the medication to ensure treatment compliance
B. Document the refusal and notify the healthcare provider
C. Explain the consequences of not taking the medication
D. Ask the family to persuade the patient to take the medication
🟢 B. Document the refusal and notify the healthcare provider
🔴 RATIONALE: Patients have the right to refuse medication. The nurse must first document the refusal
accurately and notify the healthcare provider so alternative options can be considered. Forcing medication
violates patient rights, and while explaining consequences is important, documentation and provider
notification are the priority actions.
Question 2
Which infection control precaution is appropriate for a patient with active tuberculosis?
A. Standard precautions only
B. Contact precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Droplet precautions
,🟢 C. Airborne precautions
🔴 RATIONALE: Tuberculosis is transmitted through airborne particles and requires airborne precautions,
which include a negative-pressure room and N95 respirator. Contact precautions are for direct transmission,
and droplet precautions are for diseases like influenza that spread through larger droplets.
Question 3
A patient's blood pressure is 148/92 mmHg. What category does this blood pressure fall into?
A. Normal
B. Elevated
C. Stage 1 hypertension
D. Stage 2 hypertension
🟢 C. Stage 1 hypertension
🔴 RATIONALE: According to ACC/AHA guidelines, Stage 1 hypertension is defined as systolic 130-139 mmHg
or diastolic 80-89 mmHg. However, older guidelines classify 140-159/90-99 as Stage 1. With 148/92, this falls
into Stage 1 hypertension range, requiring monitoring and possible intervention.
, Question 4
Which action demonstrates proper sterile technique when changing a wound dressing?
A. Touching the inside of the sterile package with clean gloves
B. Keeping the sterile field below waist level
C. Reaching over the sterile field to grab supplies
D. Opening the sterile package away from the sterile field
🟢 D. Opening the sterile package away from the sterile field
🔴 RATIONALE: Opening sterile packages away from the sterile field prevents contamination. The sterile field
must be maintained at or above waist level, reaching over it causes contamination, and touching sterile contents
with clean gloves breaks sterile technique.
Question 5
A nurse is administering insulin. Which route is correct for insulin administration?
A. Intramuscular
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intravenous
D. Intradermal
